EXAM 2 - CHAPTER 8 Flashcards
point of contact between bones, cartilage and bones or between teeth and bone
articulation or joint
what happens when there is a tighter fit joint
stronger but less flexible
what are functions of joints
protection, movement, changes of direction
no joint (synovial) cavity, held together by connective tissue
fibrous
no joint activity held together by cartilage
cartilaginous
cavity with surrounding articular capsule
synovial
immovable joints
synarthroses
name three synarthroses
suture, gomphosis , and synchondrosis
thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue taht unites skull bones, interlocking edges
suture
fibrous joint, peg in socket , example is roots of teeth in sockets of alveolar processes
gomphosis
joint connected by hyaline cartilage
sychondrosis
slightly movable joints
amphiarthroses
name the two amphiarthroses
syndesmosis
symphysis
like suture but much more fibrous connective tissue, so not as tight
syndesmosis
joint where connected by broad flat fibrocartilage disc
symphysis (growing together)
freely movable joints
diarthroses
fluid filled space separates articulating bones
synovial cavity
hyaline cartilage covers surface of articulation (epiphysis) reduces friction
articular cartilage
sleeve encloses synovial cavity and unites bone
articular capsule
provide extra strength inside and outside capsule
accessory ligaments
pads of fibrocartilage between bone surfaces and shaped to fit
articular discs (menisci)
fluid-filled sacs inside synovial cavity to reduce high friction stress points
bursae
side to side joint
plane/gliding joint
simple plane, line door, can do flexion and extension
hinge joint
rounded surface in ring of other that rotates
pivot joint
ellipsoid (oval condyle in cavity) , adduction and abduction
condyloid joint
legs or saddle, oppositional movement
saddle joint
ball in cup , flexion extension ab/adduction, rotation, circumduction
ball and socket joint
“microscopic” surgery, small incisions, minimal cutting which
improves healing
arthroscopy
joint replacement, ex. hip (acetabulum and femur head) with
polyethylene/titanium
arthroplasty
ligaments such as ACL; meniscal tears
knee injury
displace humerus from shoulder joint due to tearing of
ligaments, tendons, articular capsules
shoulder dislocation
circumduction-related injuries such as in pitchers,
damage to muscles and tendons of glenohumeral joint
shoulder rotator cuff tears
— degeneration, bone on bone inflammation, swelling and pain
osteoarthritis
autoimmune disorder where synovial joint soft tissues replaced with
bone and fuses
rheumatoid
acute or chronic inflammation of bursae due to high friction causing
swelling and pain
bursitis
ligament tear
sprain
muscle tear
strain