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A&P 1 > EXAM 2- CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

EXAM 2- CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

1
Q

top layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium and 4 others

A

epidermis

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2
Q

synthesize waterproofing keratin protein

A

keratinocytes

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3
Q

make melanin pigment protein

A

melanocytes

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4
Q

migrate from bone marrow, immune activator, also known as dendritic cells

A

Langerhans cells

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5
Q

deep epidermis , light touch pressure receptors

A

merkel cells

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6
Q

merkel cells are also known as cutaneous or ___ receptors

A

mechanical

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7
Q

stratum corneum

A

20-20 layers of flat dead keratinized cells slough off replaced from below

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8
Q

3-5 layers, clear extra protection in palms/soles

A

stratum lucidum

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9
Q

3-5 layers, state of degeneration

A

stratum granulosum

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10
Q

8-10 layers, most keratinocytes connected by desmosomes (protein that holds cells together)

A

stratum spinosum

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11
Q

(germination) single layer of stem cells in active mitosis, helps heal injuries

A

stratum basale

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12
Q

forms keratinocytes and melanocytes
the proteins woven in
between is how it differentiates from the other layers
also has BLOOD VESSELS

A

dermis

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13
Q

what cells make up the epidermis

A

fibroblasts (make protein fibers), macrophages(immune), and adipocytes(fat cells)

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14
Q

what type of connective tissue is found in the papillary region

A

areolar connective (loose)

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15
Q

bumpy velcro
ridges create fingerprints

A

dermal papillae

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16
Q

tactile, sensory receptors for touch/ pressure

A

meissner’s corpuscles

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17
Q

what two things are found in the papillary region

A

meisner’s corpuscles and dermal papillae

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18
Q

what type of tissue is found in the reticular region

A

dense, irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

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19
Q

what do the elastic fibers and collagen do to the skin?

A

make it flexible

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20
Q

the tissue of the reticular region is ___ woven

A

tightly

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21
Q

the tissue of the papillary is ___ woven

A

loosely

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22
Q

sensory receptors for deep pressure

A

pacinian corpuscles

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23
Q

name some functions of the integumentary system

A

bob-body temp regulation
prayed- protection
so- sensation
evelyn- excretion
is- immunity
boss-blood reservoir
vampire- vitamin d synthesis

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24
Q

what are the organs of the integumentary system

A

skin hair nails sweat glands and oil glands

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25
Q

superficial fascia (adipose tissue)

A

hypodermis

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26
Q

where are mesiners corpusclecs found and what do they do

A

they are found in the papillary region of the dermis, in the upper region. they are responsible for light touch

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27
Q

where are pacinian corpuscles found and what do they do

A

they are found in the reticular region in the lower part, they are responsible for DEEP pressure

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28
Q

what gives color to our skin

A

protein pigments called melanin

29
Q

how is melanin created

A

secreted by melanocytes

30
Q

what determines skin color

A

the amount of pigment

31
Q

brown/black pigment from amino acid tyrosine

A

melanin

32
Q

yellow orange pigment, precursor of vitamin A

A

carotene

33
Q

blood pigment gives “pink” caucasian color due to dermal capillaries

A

hemoglobin

34
Q

hemoglobin (Hb) depleted of oxygen (looks blueish)

A

cyanosis

35
Q

liver disorder, increase of bile come from heme recycling (looks yellowish)

A

jaundice

36
Q

what do u know ab hair and follicles

A

growths
protection
decreases heat loss

37
Q

what is the anatomy of hair and follicles

A

columns of dead keratinized cells

37
Q

above surface

A

hair shaft

38
Q

name the layers of the hair

A

cuticle (outer), cortex (middle), medulla (inner)

38
Q

below surface, deep into dermis

A

root

38
Q

what surrounds the root

A

follicle

38
Q

base, houses papilla

A

bulb

39
Q

areolar connective, blood vessels deliver nutrients

A

papilla

40
Q

responsible for goosebumps
changes the shape of the hair follicle

A

arrector pili

41
Q

nerve endings to cause sensation

A

hair root plexus

42
Q

what provides blood for hair growth

A

papilla

43
Q

explain what you know about male pattern baldness

A

its genetic and caused by increase of testosterone, if the use a vasodialtor to dilate the blood bessles, this will increase blood flow and allow for more oxygen and nutrients to reach the hair

44
Q

what causes the color of hair

A

melanocytes called eumelanin and pheomelanin

45
Q

what causes grey hair

A

when there is a decrease in melanin

46
Q

oil glands connected to hair follicle

A

sebaceous glands

47
Q

where are sebaceous glands located

A

anywhere but the palms, soles

48
Q

what do sebaceous glands do

A

secrete sebum made of fats, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic salts

49
Q

what are some functions of the sebaceous glands

A

moistens hair, decreases skins water loss, keeps skin pliable, decreases most bacteria growth

50
Q

what are the two types of sudoriferous glands

A

eccrine and apocrin

51
Q

open to epidermis and are the most common sweat gland

A

eccrine

52
Q

mainly found in axillary regions and opens to the hair follicle

A

apocrine

53
Q

what is found in sweat

A

water, na , cl , urea, uric acid, ammonia, glucose, lactic acid, ascorbic acid

54
Q

make ear wax and prevent microbe penetratoin

A

ceruminous glands

55
Q

three burns

A

epidermis- 1st degree
thru dermis- 2nd degree
thru hypodermis - 3rd degree

56
Q

mutation of the skin cells causing uncontrolled mitosis

A

skin cancer

57
Q

stratum basale origin, most common and fairly noninvasive

A

basal cell carcinoma

58
Q

mostly keratinocytes of spinosum, can metastisize

A

squamous cell carcinoma

59
Q

most aggressive, invasive, malignant due to an increase in melanocyte migration

A

melanoma

60
Q

if the epidermis is only affected the ___ uses cell division to fill in the gaps

A

stratum basale

61
Q

if the dermis is affected___ occurs. this means that ___ are secreted to repair the matrix

A
  1. clotting
  2. fibroblasts
62
Q

in thermoregulation, name the effectors and the effects

A

the sudiferous (effectors) produce sweat (effect) , this vasodilates blood vessels
also blood vessels can be an effector and cause the effect of blood vessels dilating

63
Q

what do choleciferol do ?

A
  1. increase mall intestine absorptino of Calcium
  2. increase kidney absorption of calcium
  3. increase calcium release from bone
64
Q

vitamin d is included in a ___

A

chemical conversion

65
Q

explain conversion of dehydrocholesterol

A

Dehydro-> choleciferol due to uv-»travels to kidneys where it is converted to vitamin d3/calcitrol

A&P 1 (7 decks)

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