Exam#2 (chap. 3)

Question 1

Needs assessment?

Answer 1

Process used to determine whether training is necessary

Question 2

Organizational analysis?

Answer 2

Determines the appropriateness of training, given the company’s business strategy and resources

Question 3

Person analysis determines?

Answer 3

• Whether performance deficiencies result from a lack of knowledge, skill, or ability
• Who needs training
• Employee readiness for training

Question 4

Task analysis?

Answer 4

Identifies the important tasks and knowledge, skills, and behaviors that need to be emphasized in training for employees to complete their tasks

Question 5

Subject-matter experts (SMEs)?

Answer 5

Employees, academics, managers, technical experts, trainers, and even customers or suppliers who are knowledgeable with regard to:

• Training issues
• Knowledge, skills, and abilities required for successful task performance
• Necessary equipment and conditions under which task has to be performed

Question 6

Job incumbents?

Answer 6

Employees who are currently performing the job

Question 7

Why is it important to get a sample of job incumbents involved in the needs assessment?

Answer 7

• They tend to be most knowledgeable about the job

- They can be a great hindrance to the training process if they do not feel they have had input in the process

Question 8

Focus groups?

Answer 8

Type of SME interview that involves a face-to-face meeting with groups of SMEs in which the questions that are asked relate to specific training needs

Question 9

Crowdsourcing?

Answer 9

Asking a large group of employees to help provide information for needs assessment that they are not traditionally asked to do

Question 10

Benchmarking?

Answer 10

Using information about other companies’ training practices to help determine the appropriate type, level, and frequency of training

Question 11

Readiness for training?

Answer 11

Refers to whether:

• Employees have the personal characteristics necessary to learn program content and apply it on the job
• The work environment will facilitate learning and not interfere with performance

Question 12

Consequences?

Answer 12

Type of incentives that employees receive for performing well

Question 13

Feedback?

Answer 13

Information that employees receive while they are performing

Question 14

Motivation to learn?

Answer 14

• Trainees’ desire to learn the content of training programs
• Personal characteristics include basic skills, cognitive ability, language skills, and other traits that employees need to perform their jobs or learn in training and development programs effectively

Question 15

Basic skills? Name three?

Answer 15

Skills that are necessary for employees to perform on the job and learn the content of training programs successfully

1. Cognitive ability
2. Reading skills
3. Writing skills

Question 16

Cognitive ability? Name three dimensions?

Answer 16

• Trainees’ level of cognitive ability can influence how well they can learn in training programs
• To identify employees without the cognitive ability to succeed on the job, companies use paper-and-pencil cognitive ability tests
  1. Verbal comprehension
  2. Quantitative ability
  3. Reasoning ability

Question 17

Self-efficacy?

Answer 17

Employees’ belief that they can perform their job or learn the content of the training program successfully

Question 18

Employees’ self-efficacy level CAN BE INCREASED by:

Answer 18

• Letting employees know the purpose of training
• Providing as much information as possible about the training program and the purpose of training prior to the actual training
• Showing employees the training success of their peers who are now in similar jobs
• Providing employees with feedback that learning is under their control and they have the ability and the responsibility to overcome any learning difficulties they experience in the program

Question 19

Lack of proper tools and equipment, materials and supplies, budgetary support, and time?

Answer 19

Situational constraints

Question 20

Managers’ and peers’ willingness to provide feedback and reinforcement?

Answer 20

Social support

Question 21

Accepted standards of behavior for workgroup members (it defines “norm-al”)?

Answer 21

Norms
- For employees to perform to standard, feedback needs to be given frequently, not just during a yearly performance evaluation

Question 22

Specific position requiring the completion of certain tasks?

Answer 22

Job

Question 23

Employee’s work activity in a specific job?

Answer 23

Task

Question 24

Employee competencies (3)?

Answer 24

1. Knowledge – Includes facts or procedures
2. Skill – Indicates competency in performing a task
3. Ability – Includes the physical and mental capacities to perform a task

Question 25

Rapid needs assessment?

Answer 25

Needs assessment that is done quickly and accurately, but without sacrificing the quality of the process or the outcomes