Exam#2 (7 Learning Theories)

Question 1

Name the 7 learning theories?

Answer 1

1. Reinforcement theory
2. Social learning theory
3. Goal theories
4. Need theories
5. Expectancy theory
6. Adult learning theory
7. Information processing theory

Question 2

Emphasizes that people are motivated to perform or avoid certain behaviors because of past outcomes/consequences that have resulted from those behaviors?

Answer 2

Reinforcement theory

Question 3

Emphasizes that people learn by observing other persons (models) whom they believe are credible and knowledgeable?

Answer 3

Social learning theory

Question 4

Assumes that behavior results from a person’s conscious goals and intentions?

Answer 4

Goal setting theory

Question 5

Help to explain the value that a person places on certain outcomes?

Answer 5

Need theories

Question 6

Suggests that a person’s behavior is based on expectancies, instrumentality, and valence?

Answer 6

Expectancy theory

Question 7

Developed out of a need for a specific theory to address how adults learn (Andragogy)?

Answer 7

Adult learning theory

Question 8

Emphasizes the internal processes that occur when training content is learned/retained, and also considers external events that influence internal learning processes?

Answer 8

Information processing theory

Question 9

Processes in reinforcement theory (4)?

Answer 9

1. Positive reinforcement
2. Negative reinforcement
3. Extinction
4. Punishment

Question 10

Processes of Social Learning Theory (4)?

Answer 10

1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Motor reproduction
4. Motivational processes

Question 11

Goals influence a person’s behavior by: (Goal setting theory)

Answer 11

• Directing energy and attention
• Sustaining effort over time
• Motivating the person to develop strategies for goal attainment

Question 12

Goals held by a trainee in a learning situation? (Goal setting theory)

Answer 12

Goal orientation (Includes learning and performance orientation)

Question 13

Trying to increase ability or competence in a task? (Goal setting theory)

Answer 13

Learning orientation

Question 14

Learners who focus on task performance and how they compare to others? (Goal setting theory)

Answer 14

Performance orientation

Question 15

Maslow’s and Alderfer’s “need theories” focused on: (3) (Need theories)

Answer 15

1. Physiological needs
2. Relatedness needs
3. Growth needs

Question 16

McClelland’s “need theory” focused primarily on needs for: (3)

Answer 16

1. Achievement
2. Affiliation
3. Power

Question 17

Three factors of “expectancy theory”?

Answer 17

1. Expectancies
2. Instrumentality
3. Valence

Question 18

Link between trying to perform a behavior and actually performing well? (Expectancy theory)

Answer 18

Expectancies

Question 19

Belief that performing a given behavior is associated with a particular outcome? (Expectancy theory)

Answer 19

Instrumentality

Question 20

Value that a person places on an outcome? (Expectancy theory)

Answer 20

Valence

Question 21

Name four things that adults need: (Adult Learning Theory)

Answer 21

1. to know why they are learning something
2. to be self-directed
3. a problem-centered approach to learning
4. a learning experience that addresses their extrinsic and intrinsic motivators

Question 22

Training Implications of Adragogy? (5 parts) (Adult Learning Theory)

Answer 22

1. Self-concept - Mutual planning and collaboration in instruction
2. Experience - Use learner experience as basis for examples and applications
3. Readiness - Develop instruction based on the learner’s interests and competencies
4. Time Perspective - Immediate application of content
5. Orientation to Learn -Problem-centered instead of subject-centered

Question 23

Name some useful tools from the “information processing theory”?

Answer 23

• Verbal instructions, pictures, diagrams, and maps suggesting ways to code the training content so that it can be stored in memory
• Meaningful learning context (examples, problems) creating cues that facilitate coding
• Demonstration or verbal instructions helping to organize the learner’s response as well as facilitating the selection of the correct response