Exam 2 cardiac brainscapes alexander

Question 1

describe the use of dopamine for L ventricular failure?

Answer 1

dopamine is a pressor. when dopamine has a therapeutic effect, it causes vasoconstriction peripherally and increases SBP. it helps to increase cardiac output and urine output.

Question 2

describe the characteristics of endocarditis?

Answer 2

is an infection on the inner layer of the heart. often it will manifest as vegetation on the valves. it can be caused by bacteria, virus, or fungus. people experience fever, chills, weakness, fatigue, malaise, and anorexia.

Question 3

describe the relationship between pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, and pericardiocentesis?

Answer 3

pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sack around the heart. when pressure is so great against the heart, cardiac tamponade occurs and must be treated. a pericardiocentesis will relieve the pressure and eliminate the tamponade.

Question 4

describe the primary causes of decreased cardiac output?

Answer 4

anything that disrupts normal circulating volume causing hypovolemia; and conditions that compromise cardiac muscle function or electrical function.

Question 5

describe mean arterial pressure (MAP) and how to calculate it?

Answer 5

MAP is the average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle and is an indicator of tissue perfusion. normal MAP is 70-100 and is calculated by taking SBP (+) 2 (DBP) divided by 3.

Question 6

discuss the relationship between cardiac arrhythmias and tissue perfusion?

Answer 6

cardiac arrhythmias can impact cardiac output due to the fast or slow rate or the disrupted electrical conduction.

Question 7

describe pericarditis with CM and complications?

Answer 7

CM of pericarditis may include sharp pain in the chest, anxiety, dyspnea, a friction rub, and fever. complications that should be reported immediately may be cardiac tamponade, low BP, and muffled heart sounds.