Exam 2: Blood Transfusion and Cross Match Flashcards
Transfusions Part 1
Thalassemia
Transfusions Part 1
What are the 2 main indications for transfusion?
For severe anemia to increase O2 carying capacity and bleeding disorder coagulopathy to correct hemostatic defect.
Transfusions Part 1
What is in Whole Blood (fresh and stored)? What are its uses? What is its shelf life?
Fresh whole blood has RBCs, proteins, all clotting factors, WBCs, Plts. It is used for inherited coagulopathies e.g. hemophilia. Units should be discarded once reach expiration dates. It is used and processed within 6 hours. Collected in house.
**Stored whole blood ** has RBCs, proteins, but lacks labile clotting factors and platelets. It is stored at 4 degrees C, process and used within a month. collected in house or bought. also used for used for inherited coagulopathies e.g. hemophilia.
Whole blood, packed cells, or plasma?
An animal is (hypovolemic, normovolemic, coagulopathies) what kind of blood can they get?
Hypovolemic: WB, pRBC, Plasma
Normovolemic: don’t want to give to much volume, hard on the heart so only give pRBC
Coagulopathies: Plasma (fresh, do not want proteins to degrade), Cryo/FFP (spun to pull down proteins, still viable)
FFP will have more proteins, more antigenic. Cryo precipitant is small volume of clotting factors.
Why crossmatch?
To prevent sensitization
you sensitize an animal every time you transfuse
What blood component would you choose for transfusion for acute blood loss? hemostasis? hypoproteinemia?
whole blood or pRBC and crystalloids for acute blood loss.
FFP, fresh WB or plasma, or CryoPP.
Would take a lot of plasma to replace proteins… hard to say. wouldn’t tranfuse.
During an animal’s transfusion, they begin breaking out in hives. What caused this and what do you do?
Immediate transfusion reaction. Stop the transfusion.
How do you detect sensitization? How do you avoid sensitization?
cross matching. blood typing.
What clinical condition would make blood typing via agglutination difficult?
IMHA
What percentage of Type A cats have low titers of Anti B?
about 30%
What do all type B cats have?
All > 3 months old have high titers Anti-A
Which DEAs are we worried about causing an acute hemolytic reaction?
DEA 1.1 and 1.2 are the most “antigenic” antigens, and antibodies to them are the “strongest” these are the ones we are worried about causing an acute hemolytic reaction
Which blood type in cats is considered a universal donor?
None. All A cats have low titers of anti-B antibodies. All type B cats have high titers of anti-A antibodies. However, the rare type AB cats have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies, so are universal recipients.
What dog blood type is considered the universal donor?
Dogs: universal donor is DEA 1.1 (-). Can give blood to dogs that are DEA 1.1 (-) or DEA 1.1 (+). The majority of dogs are DEA 1.1 positive, and only a small percentage of dogs are universal donors. The breeds most likely to be DEA 1.1(-) (and thus, universal donors) are: Greyhounds, Boxers, Irish Wolfhounds, G. Shepherds, Dobes, and Pit Bulls.
