Exam 2- Bac V Flashcards
Do not cause disease in a healthy host with a healthy immune system
Opportunistic pathogens
Are equipped with virulence genes for adherence, invasion, evasion, from the immune system toxin
True pathogens
Hospital acquired infections
Nosocomial infections
Examples of nosocomial infections
MRSA, clostridium difficile
They need a cell to replicate
Obligate intracellular pathogens
Examples of obligate intracelluar pathogens
Rickettsia, claymidia
They can survive in extracellular and intracellular locations
Facultative intracellular pathogens
Staphylococcus
Gram + bacteria
Usually in skin
Produces a variety of toxins and virulence factors
S. Aureus
G+, mastitis in cows
S. Pseudintermedius
G+, dermatitis in dogs
S. Hyicus
G+, Greasy pig disease
G+ bacteria that causes abscesses, supportive infections, post surgical infection
Pyogenic bacteria
What enzyme coagulates blood plasma, occurs in virulent strains
Coagulase
Streptococcus
G+ bacteria
They have a capsule, which helps the organism to evade phagocytosis
S. Pyogenes
G+, mostly in humans
Has a capsule
S. Agalactiae
G+, causes mastitis
Has a capsule
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
G+, mastitis
Has a capsule
s. equi subsp
G+, equine strangles
Has a capsule
S. equi subsp zooepidemicus
G+, normal bacterial flora in horses
Has a capsule
Bacillus anthracis
G+ rod, produce endospores, exotoxins, capsule
Use penicillin to treat, has 3 separate proteins encoded on one plasmid, lethal factor
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Swine erysipelas or diamond skin disease in swine,
Treat with penicillin
Corynebacterium psuedotuberculosis
- causes lymphadenittis
- characterized by access formation in major peripheral lymph nodes, also in spleen
Actinomyces bovis
- pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis
- lumpy jaw, lesion in mandible
- cattle
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
- acid fast + mycolic acid
- in dairy cows mostly
- injection into neck or pulse of tail
- TB test
- facultative intracellular bacteria
- cause tuberculosis
M. Bovis
Bovine tuberculosis
What causes Johne’s disease?
- m. Avium, subsp paratuberculosis
- chronic, bad body condition
- causes lesions in small intestines
Listeria monocytogens
- septicemia, abortion, meningococcal encephalitis
- facultative intracellular bacterium
- food borne pathogen
- uses host actin filaments to travel through cells
Examples of Facultative intracellular pathogens
Mycobacterium, listeria monocytogenes
Clostridium
G+, histotoxic, invasive, toxigenic clostridium
C tetani
- Tetanus-causes lock jaw, spastic paralysis
- infects surgical wounds, puncture wounds, produce tetanus toxins
C. septicum
Malignant edema, gas gangrene
C. chauvaei
Black leg
C. perfringes type D
Enterotoxaemia
C. novyi
Black disease
C. botulinum
Botulism
- produces botulinum toxin, causes flaccid paralysis
- not an infection but intoxication with BoNT
Groups of Gram - bacteria
Enterobacteriaceae
Coliform
Escherichia coli
Salmonella
Enterobacteriaceae
-Present in water, soil, environment and the GI tract of humans and animals
Coliform bacteria
-E.coli, Klebsiella, enterobacteria
Coliform enumeration
Is performed to evaluate fecal contamination in drinking water
__________________ causes neonatal colisepticemia in calves
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli
- neonatal colisepticemia in calves
- Edema disease in piglets
- in human hemorrhagic enteritis
- hemolytic uremic syndrome and kidney failure O157H7
Salmonella enterica
- salmonella enterica subsp enterica
- > 2500 serotypes
- Ex: Typhimurium, Newport, enteritis
- -Gastroentenitis and systemic diseases
Salmonella dublin
Salmonella in cattle
Salmonella typhi
In humans- (typhoid fever)
Salmonella enteritidis
In chickens
-infects chicken ovaries and transmitted through eggs
Actinobaccillus pleuropneumoniae
-fibrinonecrotic pneumonia in pigs
Pasteurella multocida + mannheimmia hemolytica
Causes shipping fever pneumonia in cattle
Symptoms of Brucellosis:
- may take months after exposure
- can be chronic and lost for years
- can have similar symptoms to other diseases (fever, sweating, body aches, joint pain, fatigue, weekends, dizziness, headache)
Where do Brucellosis survive?
Macrophages
Zoonotic diseases
Can be transferred from an animal to a human host
Brucellosis abortus
G-, causes premature abortion in cattle fetus
Brucellosis melitensis
G-, in ovine causes Malta fever
Brucella suis
G-, swine, causes chronic inflammatory lesions in reproductive organs
Brucella canis
G-, causes brucellosis in dogs
Bordetella bronchiseptica
- kennel cough in dogs
- Atropohic rhinitis in swine
- mycoplasma app.- arthritis, many other infections
Leptospirosis
- spirochete (endoflagella)
- multiple reservoir animals
- bacteria lives in kidney tubules (can be transmitted through infected urine)
- widespread zoonotic diseases
Borrelia burgdorferi
- spirochete
- causes limes disease
- tick vector
Mycoplasma pneumonia
-walking pneumonia in humans
Mycoplasma
- No cell wall ( no gram-staining)
- no peptidoglycan
- not susceptible to penicillin
- They are the smallest prokaryotic cells capable of self replication
- need special media and forms fried egg colonies
Rickettsiales
- obligate intracellular bacteria
- transmitted through ticks
- Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia