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Microbiology > Exam 2- Bac V > Flashcards

Exam 2- Bac V Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Do not cause disease in a healthy host with a healthy immune system

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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2
Q

Are equipped with virulence genes for adherence, invasion, evasion, from the immune system toxin

A

True pathogens

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3
Q

Hospital acquired infections

A

Nosocomial infections

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4
Q

Examples of nosocomial infections

A

MRSA, clostridium difficile

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5
Q

They need a cell to replicate

A

Obligate intracellular pathogens

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6
Q

Examples of obligate intracelluar pathogens

A

Rickettsia, claymidia

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7
Q

They can survive in extracellular and intracellular locations

A

Facultative intracellular pathogens

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8
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Gram + bacteria
Usually in skin
Produces a variety of toxins and virulence factors

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9
Q

S. Aureus

A

G+, mastitis in cows

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10
Q

S. Pseudintermedius

A

G+, dermatitis in dogs

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11
Q

S. Hyicus

A

G+, Greasy pig disease

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12
Q

G+ bacteria that causes abscesses, supportive infections, post surgical infection

A

Pyogenic bacteria

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13
Q

What enzyme coagulates blood plasma, occurs in virulent strains

A

Coagulase

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14
Q

Streptococcus

A

G+ bacteria

They have a capsule, which helps the organism to evade phagocytosis

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15
Q

S. Pyogenes

A

G+, mostly in humans

Has a capsule

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16
Q

S. Agalactiae

A

G+, causes mastitis

Has a capsule

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17
Q

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

A

G+, mastitis

Has a capsule

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18
Q

s. equi subsp

A

G+, equine strangles

Has a capsule

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19
Q

S. equi subsp zooepidemicus

A

G+, normal bacterial flora in horses

Has a capsule

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20
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

G+ rod, produce endospores, exotoxins, capsule

Use penicillin to treat, has 3 separate proteins encoded on one plasmid, lethal factor

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21
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Swine erysipelas or diamond skin disease in swine,

Treat with penicillin

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22
Q

Corynebacterium psuedotuberculosis

A
  • causes lymphadenittis

- characterized by access formation in major peripheral lymph nodes, also in spleen

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23
Q

Actinomyces bovis

A
  • pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis
  • lumpy jaw, lesion in mandible
  • cattle
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24
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex

A
  • acid fast + mycolic acid
  • in dairy cows mostly
  • injection into neck or pulse of tail
  • TB test
  • facultative intracellular bacteria
  • cause tuberculosis
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25
Q

M. Bovis

A

Bovine tuberculosis

26
Q

What causes Johne’s disease?

A
  • m. Avium, subsp paratuberculosis
  • chronic, bad body condition
  • causes lesions in small intestines
27
Q

Listeria monocytogens

A
  • septicemia, abortion, meningococcal encephalitis
  • facultative intracellular bacterium
  • food borne pathogen
  • uses host actin filaments to travel through cells
28
Q

Examples of Facultative intracellular pathogens

A

Mycobacterium, listeria monocytogenes

29
Q

Clostridium

A

G+, histotoxic, invasive, toxigenic clostridium

30
Q

C tetani

A
  • Tetanus-causes lock jaw, spastic paralysis

- infects surgical wounds, puncture wounds, produce tetanus toxins

31
Q

C. septicum

A

Malignant edema, gas gangrene

32
Q

C. chauvaei

A

Black leg

33
Q

C. perfringes type D

A

Enterotoxaemia

34
Q

C. novyi

A

Black disease

35
Q

C. botulinum

A

Botulism

  • produces botulinum toxin, causes flaccid paralysis
  • not an infection but intoxication with BoNT
36
Q

Groups of Gram - bacteria

A

Enterobacteriaceae
Coliform
Escherichia coli
Salmonella

37
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

A

-Present in water, soil, environment and the GI tract of humans and animals

38
Q

Coliform bacteria

A

-E.coli, Klebsiella, enterobacteria

39
Q

Coliform enumeration

A

Is performed to evaluate fecal contamination in drinking water

40
Q

__________________ causes neonatal colisepticemia in calves

A

Escherichia coli

41
Q

Escherichia coli

A
  • neonatal colisepticemia in calves
  • Edema disease in piglets
  • in human hemorrhagic enteritis
  • hemolytic uremic syndrome and kidney failure O157H7
42
Q

Salmonella enterica

A
  • salmonella enterica subsp enterica
  • > 2500 serotypes
  • Ex: Typhimurium, Newport, enteritis
  • -Gastroentenitis and systemic diseases
43
Q

Salmonella dublin

A

Salmonella in cattle

44
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

In humans- (typhoid fever)

45
Q

Salmonella enteritidis

A

In chickens

-infects chicken ovaries and transmitted through eggs

46
Q

Actinobaccillus pleuropneumoniae

A

-fibrinonecrotic pneumonia in pigs

47
Q

Pasteurella multocida + mannheimmia hemolytica

A

Causes shipping fever pneumonia in cattle

48
Q

Symptoms of Brucellosis:

A
  • may take months after exposure
  • can be chronic and lost for years
  • can have similar symptoms to other diseases (fever, sweating, body aches, joint pain, fatigue, weekends, dizziness, headache)
49
Q

Where do Brucellosis survive?

A

Macrophages

50
Q

Zoonotic diseases

A

Can be transferred from an animal to a human host

51
Q

Brucellosis abortus

A

G-, causes premature abortion in cattle fetus

52
Q

Brucellosis melitensis

A

G-, in ovine causes Malta fever

53
Q

Brucella suis

A

G-, swine, causes chronic inflammatory lesions in reproductive organs

54
Q

Brucella canis

A

G-, causes brucellosis in dogs

55
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica

A
  • kennel cough in dogs
  • Atropohic rhinitis in swine
  • mycoplasma app.- arthritis, many other infections
56
Q

Leptospirosis

A
  • spirochete (endoflagella)
  • multiple reservoir animals
  • bacteria lives in kidney tubules (can be transmitted through infected urine)
  • widespread zoonotic diseases
57
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A
  • spirochete
  • causes limes disease
  • tick vector
58
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

-walking pneumonia in humans

59
Q

Mycoplasma

A
  • No cell wall ( no gram-staining)
  • no peptidoglycan
  • not susceptible to penicillin
  • They are the smallest prokaryotic cells capable of self replication
  • need special media and forms fried egg colonies
60
Q

Rickettsiales

A
  • obligate intracellular bacteria
  • transmitted through ticks
  • Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia

Microbiology (9 decks)

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