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Microbiology > Exam 1- Microbiology > Flashcards

Exam 1- Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is microbiology?

A

The study of small life

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2
Q

Benefits of Microbes

A
  • > Bread, cheese, yogurt, alcohol, wine, beer. (Probiotics and fermentation)
  • > Antibiotics
  • > Vaccines, Vitamins, Enzymes
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3
Q

Harmful of Microbes

A
  • > Diseases

- > Food spoilage

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4
Q

Name 4 essential components of an ecosystem that microbes contribute to

A

1) cycling of important nutrients
2) nitrogen fixers
3) Natural gas (methane)
4) Bioremediation

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5
Q

3 main types of microscopes

A

1) Compound light microscope
2) laser scanning confocal microscope
3) Transmission electron microscope

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6
Q

Spontaneous generation Debate

A

Original thought on the origin of microbes

Observations: aphids arose from dew which falls on plants, fleas come from putrid matter , mice from dirty hay

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7
Q

Abiogenesis

A

The theory that addresses the actual origin of microbes ( life on earth)
A process in life which arises naturally from non-living matter
Scientists speculate that life may have arisen as a result of random chemical processes happening to produce self-replicating

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8
Q

Protocell

A

Self organized , endogenously ordered spherical collection of lipids

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9
Q

Why is learning microbiology essential in the vet curriculum?

A

Acquire the knowledge in infectious diseases of animals

Diagnose->Treat->prevent

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10
Q

Bloom’s taxonomy

A

Cognitive-knowing/head
Affective- feeling/heart
Psychomotor- doing/hands

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11
Q

Veterinarian’s Oath

A

Benefit of society
The conservation of animal resources
The promotion of public health
Advancement of medical knowledge

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12
Q

“One Health”

A

Humans Animals Ecosystem

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13
Q

Global Health

A
  • Address antimicrobial resistance
  • Food safety +security
  • outbreak preparedness
  • zoonotic disease control
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14
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Bacteria

Archaea

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15
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Fungi
Protozoa
Helminths

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15
Q

Acellular

A

Virus

Prion

16
Q

6 Major elements that all macromolecules are made of

A 
Carbon 
Hydrogen
Oxygen 
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Sulphur
17
Q

What all living things have in common?

A

Plasma membrane
Use ATP for energy (replicating in viruses)
Genetic info in DNA

18
Q

System of classification

A

Dynamic theories developed by us to express particular views about the history of the organism

19
Q

Taxonomy

A

Science of classification of living objects
Common reference source
Universal language
Dynamic area of science

20
Q

Systematics

A

Scientists who works on taxonomy

21
Q

Two main kingdoms

A

Vegetabilia

Animalia

22
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Formal naming of living organisms

Genus species- underlined or italics

23
Q

Species

A

A population that can breed and produce fertile offspring

24
Q

Bacterial Nomanclature

A

1) descriptive ->shape/arrangement
2) scientist’s name
3) geographic places
4) organizations

25
Q

16s Ribosomal RNA useful for?

A

Useful for interning phylogenetic differences amongst related taxa
~3% difference

26
Q

Phylogenetic Tree= 3 domains

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

27
Q

How do we learn about relationships between living objects?

A

Gather evidence from: Fossil records, comparative homologous, compare DNA & RNA sequencing

28
Q

Domain: Archaea

A

-Prokaryotic
-**lack peptidoglycan
-A pathogenic one yet to be identified
Types: methanogens, extreme halophiles, Thermophiles

29
Q

Domain: Eubacteria (Bacteria)

A
  • Prokaryotes
  • **Have peptidoglycan in cell wall
  • pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, harmless and beneficial
30
Q

Domain: Eukaryotic (Eukarya)

A
  • Protozoans
  • Fungi
  • Helminths
  • Algae
  • Animals
  • Plants
31
Q

Virus

A

-a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms

32
Q

Virions

A

Virus particles

33
Q

Virus particles contain 2 or all 3 of these?

A

1) genetic DNA or RNA
2) Protein coat
3) An envelope

34
Q

How to Identify Viruses?

A
  • direct observation from clinical samples using TEM
  • Cultivation in cell cultures
  • fluorescent antibody staining technique from infected cells or cell cultures
  • ELISA to detect viral antigens
  • molecular methods Ex: PCR
35
Q

7 Methods of Identifying Bacteria

A

1) Culture and a Aylin’s of morphological characteristics, differential stainingL Gram, Acid fast, shape
2) Biochemical test- ELISA
3) Serology-utilizes host response to identification-Agglutination test
4) Phage typing
5) Fatty acid profiles
6) Nucleic Acid based testing-PCR, DNA Hybridization
7) Mass Spec- MALDI TOF

36
Q

Protozoan

A

Single cell parasite

Ex: Ameoba, toxoplasma

37
Q

Metazoan

A

More complex parasite, multicellular

Ex: Helminths

38
Q

How to identify parasites

A
  • morphology
  • molecular techniques
  • host specificity
  • geographical location
  • tissue tropism

Microbiology (9 decks)

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