Exam 2: ATP

Question 1

Activation Energy

Answer 1

The minimum energy required to cause a process (such as a chemical reaction) to occur.

Question 2

Biosynthesis

Answer 2

the process by which living things use chemical reactions to create products useful for cellular metabolism, also called anabolism.

Question 3

Chemical reaction

Answer 3

the processes by which chemicals interact to form new chemicals with different compositions

Question 4

Energy coupling

Answer 4

occurs when the energy produced by one reaction or system is used to drive another reaction or system

Question 5

Enzyme

Answer 5

Proteins that increase the rate of reaction.

Question 6

Metabolic Pathway

Answer 6

series of connected chemical reactions that feed one another and achieve a specific metabolic task.

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

total of all chemical reactions occurring within an organism.

Question 8

Define and contrast ADP and ATP

Answer 8

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. Contains 3 phosphate groups however denosine diphosphate (ADP) only contains 2 phosphate groups.

Question 9

Define and contrast anabolism and catabolis.

Answer 9

Anabolism: “biosynthesis”, stored energy is used to synthesize or assemble complex molecules. Catabolism: energy is released and harvested during the breakdown of various molecules.

Energy released during catabolism while energy is used during anabolism.

Question 10

Define and contrast endergonic and exergonic.

Answer 10

Endergonic: energy released forming new bonds is less than the energy input required to break existing bonds. exergonic: reactions involve a net release of energy.

Question 11

Define and contrast reactant and product.

Answer 11

Reactants are the starting ingredients of the chemical reaction the products is whats left when the completion is done.

Question 12

What is metabolism?

Answer 12

Total of all chemical reactions occurring within an organism.

Question 13

Total of all chemical reactions occurring within an organism.

Answer 13

Catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is coupled to anabolism.

Question 14

How does breaking a chemical bond relate to energy?

Answer 14

Requires input of energy

Question 15

How does forming a new chemical bond relate to energy?

Answer 15

releases energy

Question 16

What is activation energy, and how does it relate to the processes occurring in a chemical reaction?

Answer 16

Minimum amount of energy needed to weaken and break existing bonds. It’s the amount of energy needed to be invested to break chemical bonds.

Question 17

What is an endergonic reaction? How does the potential energy of the reactants compare to the potential energy of the products in such a reaction?

Answer 17

Reaction reqiruing a net input of energy. occurs when energy released forming new bonds is less than the energy input required to break existing bonds.

Question 18

What is an exergonic reaction? How does the potential energy of the reactants compare to the potential energy of the products in such a reaction?

Answer 18

Involves a net release of energy during the process of forming new bonds. Overall energy of the products is less than that of reactants.

Question 19

Describe the relationship between endergonic reactions and exergonic reactions.

Answer 19

Endergonic reaction involves a net input of energy while exergonic requires a net release of energy

Question 20

What types of chemical reactions require a net input of energy, and what types involve a net release of energy?

Answer 20

Endergonic reactions involve a net input of energy
Exergonic reactions involve a net release of energy

Question 21

Describe the structure of ATP.

Answer 21

Sugar (ribosome), nitrogenous base (adenine), and phosphate group (3 of them).

Question 22

ATP is a monomer in the formation of which major class of macromolecules?

Answer 22

nucleic acids

Question 23

What does ATP stand for? How about ADP? How are they similar, and how are they different?

Answer 23

Adenosine triphosphate. Adensoine diphosphate. Difference is 2 vs. 3 phosphate groups.

Question 24

Which is a higher energy molecule, ATP or ADP? Explain.

Answer 24

ATP, the extra phosphate group bond creates more potential energy.

Question 25

Describe the ATP cycle, and its relationship to endergonic and exergonic processes.

Answer 25

Creation of ATP from ADP + P is an endergonic reaction and requires an inputt of energy to create the bond; this energy is supplied from exergonic reactions. ATP to ADP +P, energy is released in this reaction meaning it is an endogonic reaction.

The ATP cycle couples exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions. exergonic reactions hydrolysize ATP, producing free energy for endergonic reactions in the cell. Then exergonic reactions provide free energy again for endergonic reactions producing ATP.

Question 26

How does the ATP cycle store energy? How does the ATP cycle supply energy?

Answer 26

When another phosphate is added to ADP, and this allows ATP to store small amounts of energy. ATP can release and store energy by breaking and re-forming bonds b/w its phosphate groups.

Question 27

What is meant by the “coupling” of endergonic and exergonic reactions? How is this coupling facilitated?

Answer 27

an energetically favorable reaction (exergonic) releases energy, which is then used to drive an energetically unfavorable reaction (endergonic). This allows the overall coupled reaction to be exergonic, meaning it can happen spontaneously.