exam 2 - aggression Flashcards
hostile aggression
aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain or injury
instrumental aggression
aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain
relational aggression
aggression that harms another person through the manipulation of relationships
instinct theories of aggression
Freud’s 2 instincts and Lorenz;s hydraulic model
freud’s 2 instincts
-eros (life)
-thanatos (death)
lorenz’s hydraulic model
-aggression serves as a survival function
-when aggression isn’t released it builds up until it explodes
catharsis
purging of emotions
frustration-aggression hypothesis
frustration: blocking of a goal-directed behavior
-frustration leads to aggression
scapegoat hypothesis
when the cause of frustration is vague, hostility and aggression are redirected to an easy target
social learning theory of aggression
individuals become aggressive by imitating role models
culture of honor
a culture is defined by its members’ strong concerns about their own and others’ reputations, leading to sensitivity to insults and a willingness to use violence to avenge any perceived wrong
precarious manhood hypothesis
a man’s gender identity, which significantly involves strength and toughness, may be lost under various conditions and that such a loss can trigger aggressive behavior
dehumanization
attribution of nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities to groups (“us vs them”)
reactive devaluation
tendency to devalue an offer simply because the other side made it, regardless of actual worth
polarization
2 entities move toward opposite extremes of a continuum of viewpoints/opinions
