exam 1 - the social self

Question 1

better-than-average effect

Answer 1

most people think they are above average on various personality trait and ability dimensions

Question 2

contingencies of self-worth

Answer 2

peoples self-esteem depends on their successes and failures in domains they deem important to their self-worth

Question 3

direct feedback

Answer 3

the information received from others about our traits and abilities (looking outward for a source of self-knowledge)

Question 4

dunning-kruger effect

Answer 4

we are unskilled and unaware that we’re unskilled
-very highly-skilled people tend to UNDERestimate their abilities
-less-skilled people tend to OVERestimate their abilities

Question 5

impression management

Answer 5

the strategic control of info communicated to audiences (how we present ourselves to the world)

Question 6

introspection

Answer 6

you know yourself better than anyone (looking inward for a source of self-knowledge)

Question 7

promotion focus

Answer 7

self-regulation of behavior with respect to ideal-self standards (approach-related behaviors)

Question 8

prevention focus

Answer 8

self-regulation of behavior with respect to ought-self standards (avoidance-related behaviors)

Question 9

reflected appraisals

Answer 9

our perception of how others perceive and evaluate us (looking-glass self)

Question 10

self evaluation maintenance model

Answer 10

discrepancies between 2 people in a relationship

Question 11

self-accuracy

Answer 11

the ability of a person to accurately examine themselves—knowing exactly what they’re capable of and what their strengths and limitations are

Question 12

self-affirmation theory

Answer 12

people can maintain an overall sense of self-worth after being exposed to psychologically threatening info by affirming a valued aspect of themselves unrelated to the threat

Question 13

self-assessment

Answer 13

desire for accurate self-knowledge

Question 14

self-verification

Answer 14

people strive for others to view them as they view themselves

Question 15

self-enhancement

Answer 15

desire to maintain, increase, or protect one’s positive self-views

Question 16

self-awareness

Answer 16

when people focus their attention inward on themselves, they become concerned with self-evaluation and how their current behavior conforms to their internal standards and values

Question 17

self-consistency

Answer 17

people use self helping measures to maintain consistency of ideas within an individual

Question 18

self-deception

Answer 18

process of rationalizing away the relevance, significance, or importance of opposing evidence and logical argument

Question 19

self-discrepancy theory

Answer 19

behavior, how we think about ourselves, where we are and where we’re going is motivated by comparing…
-actual self
-ideal self
-ought self

Question 20

self-esteem

Answer 20

global or overall evaluation that one has of oneself

Question 21

self-handicapping

Answer 21

tendency to engage in self-defeating behavior in order to have an excuse ready should one perform poorly or fail

Question 21

state

Answer 21

fluctuations in self-esteem over time

Question 21

trait

Answer 21

overall tendency self esteem

Question 22

self-monitoring

Answer 22

tendency to monitor one’s behavior to fit the current situation

Question 23

self-perception theory

Answer 23

when we are uncertain of our attitudes and feelings, we make inferences about traits by observing our own behavior

Question 24

self-presentation

Answer 24

presenting the person we would like others to believe we are

Question 25

self-reference effect

Answer 25

info is better recalled when it is related to the self

Question 26

self-regulation

Answer 26

process by which people initiate and control their behavior in the pursuit of goals, including the ability to resist short-term rewards that thwart the attainment of long-term goals

Question 27

social comparison

Answer 27

idea that people compare themselves to other people to obtain accurate assessment of their own opinions, abilities, and internal states

Question 28

sociometer theory

Answer 28

self-esteem is an internal, subjective index or marker of the extent to which a person is included or looked on favorably by others