Exam 2

Question 1

Mineralization

Answer 1

Organic N -> NH4+ decomposers

Question 2

Immobilization

Answer 2

NH4+ -> organic N, plants and microbes

Question 3

Nitrification

Answer 3

NH3 -> NO3, an oxidation reaction, multistep process

Question 4

Nitroso species

Answer 4

Nitosomona NH3 -> NO2

Question 5

Nitro species

Answer 5

Nitrobacter NO2 -> NO3

Question 6

Proteobacteria

Answer 6

All are gram negative and this group is highly metabolically diverse

Question 7

Alpha proteobacteria

Answer 7

Often oligoteophic (can live in a low nutrient environment). Often have stalks, includes photoheterotrophs, heterotrophs and methylotrophs

Question 8

Beta proteobacteria

Answer 8

High metabolic diversity

Question 9

Gamma proteobacteria

Answer 9

Often faculatative anaerobes, many fermenters, Hugh metabolic diversity

Question 10

Delta proteobacteria

Answer 10

Predominantly aerobic, some predatory bacteria, fruiting mycobacterium

Question 11

Actinobacteria

Answer 11

High %GC content, gram positive, many are filamentous, common in souls

Question 12

Cyanobacteria

Answer 12

Gram negative, mostly oxygenic phototrophs, diverse morphology, accounts for .25 of all biomass production

Question 13

HABs

Answer 13

Over abundance of algae that Lowe oxygen levels in water killing other life. Increased risk due to low water levels, pollution and climate change

Question 14

Furmicutes

Answer 14

Gram positive with low %GC, many endospore forming bacteria

Question 15

Methanogens

Answer 15

Obligate anaerobes that usually live symbiotically with fermenting bacteria

Question 16

Excavates

Answer 16

Unicellular protists that have 1 or many flagella, some autotrophs, some heterotrophs

Question 17

Rhizaria

Answer 17

Unicellular protists, no flagellum, many produce shells, no parasite of humans

Question 18

Alveolates

Answer 18

Unicellular protists, sacs or alveoli next to the cell membrane, flagella or cillia

Question 19

Stramenopiles

Answer 19

Straw hair, zero or two flagella

Question 20

Amoebozoa

Answer 20

Unicellular or aggregation, no flagella, no cell wall, pseudopods, mostly terrestrial

Question 21

Opisthokonts

Answer 21

1 smooth posterior flagellum, heterotrophs, similarities in mitochondrion structure, presence of chitin and glycogen

Question 22

Chytridomycota

Answer 22

Typically unicellular, zoospores with flagellum, no sporocarp production, aquatic and terrestrial

Question 23

Zygomycetes

Answer 23

Filamentous, production of zygospores, terrestrial fungi

Question 24

Ascomycota

Answer 24

Filamentous or yeast, production of ascospores in a ascus. Often dominant asexual reproduction, terrestrial, marine, freshwater, production of complex fruiting bodies