Exam 2 Flashcards
the Sea people came and conquered these northern raiders; featured military campaigns to expand their power into Mesopotamia and Egypt
Hittites
An Indo-European people that founded the most powerful of the Middle East’s new states; they were located in north-central Anatolia
Hittites
Who sacked Babylon?
Hittites
They adapted cuneiform to write their language and assimilated influences from the civilizations they found already established in the Middle East
Hittites
Which people lived in isolated, self-sufficient villages and founded few cities?
Hittites
heavily fortified capital; was a warlike tribal society that was well mobilized to support a large, expensively equipped army.
Hattusas
Their king shared power with a council consisting of the heads of his subjects’ chief families, and his government was plagued by coups, assassinations, and disputed successions.
Hattusas
The gate that provided entrance to the citadel at Mycenae was formed from huge blocks of stone and decorated with a tympanum depicting two lions flanking a pillar, a motif found in Mesopotamian art.
Lion Gates of Hattusas
primarily only on Crete and get taken over by the Greeks
Minoan Civilization
What is the time period of the Minoan civilization?
2600-1400 BCE
Aegean Bronze Age civilization that has a large palace complex at Knossos; Linear A appears here; production and trade in wine and olive oil
Minoans
The Minoan economy was based on what?
Sea trade and the export of luxury goods
Greece’s first civilization; was the invention of mainland kingdoms that were tiny imitators of the great states of Egypt and Mesopotamia
Mycenaean Civilization
Mycenaean palaces were great _________ to which besieged populations could retreat
citadels
Which civilization was wealthy and warlike?
Mycenaean
What period was the Time of Turmoil where the Trojan War took place?
1200-1000 BCE
The Time of Turmoil was the end of which 3 civilizations?
Hittite, New Kingdom Egypt; Mycenaean
the name ascribed by the ancient Greeks to the legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
Homer
a brilliant self‐taught German archaeologist who discovered the site of Troy. His excavations there and on the mainland of Greece uncovered evidence for several wars and for the great Greek kingdoms that could have fought them.
Schliemann
The “Father of Modern Archaeology” who used Homer to uncover the Mycenaean Civilization; found gold there
Heinrich Schliemann
It is the setting of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle and especially in the Iliad,
Troy
Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles.
The Iliad
a city in northwestern Asia minor; featured in the Iliad; Site of a ten year Greek siege
Troy
Along with Arthur Evans, _______________ was a pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age.
Heinrich Schliemann
City in the Northeastern Peloponnese that was discovered by Schliemann
Mycenae
small packed cities with large walls; were buried with armor, chariots, gold, masks, and weapons
Mycenae
Who ruled Mycenae?
Agamemnon
English archaeologist most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete
Sir Arthur Evans
found clay tablets in Mycenae; Professor of Oxford.
Sir Evans
Immense, lavishly decorated Minoan palace with plumbing, sewage, and 300 rooms; not only a residence but a storehouse for trade goods;
Knossos
What trade goods can you find at Knossos?
chambers of wine and olive oil
Where is Knossos located?
Island of Crete
spoke Ancient Greek; found evidence of them in Aegean Sea; warfare, militaristic society
Mycenaeans
they used Linear B and participated in trade in wine and olive oil
Mycenaeans
Minoans primarily lived here and built palaces for merchant-princes here
Crete
2 script versions: Linear A and Linear B; have lines and hash marks for accounting (inventory) and economic documents
Minoan clay tablets
Minoans developed these writing tablets; found only in Crete from Knossos
Linear A
not deciphered; the primary script used in palace and religious writings of the Minoan civilization
Linear A
found in Crete and Pylos (Carl Blegen); Script developed by the Mycenaeans following the example of the Minoans (Linear A)
Linear B
Only one of the three linears to be deciphered; earliest recorded writings of the Greek language; inventories of supplies and ration lists
Linear B
found Linear B clay tablets in Pylos
Carl Blegen
English linguist and architect who found Alice Kober’s notes and created the Ventris Grid to crack Linear B
Michael Ventris
Michael Ventris used this to try and crack a Linear B clay tablet
Ventris Grid
Scholar who was fascinated with Linear B; dies before she was able to uncrack Linear B
Alice Kober
words from a Linear B tablet that means “tripod”; helped Ventris realize that this was Ancient Greek bc tripod’s origin is Greek
Ti-ri-po-de
Linear B word
ti-ri-po-de
less advanced Greek-speaking invaders from the north who overwhelmed the Mycenaean civilization, uprising within the civilization
Dorians
“Sea People”
Dorians
During this time, we begin to see a relationship b/t protector-gods and city-states
Archaic Greece
An era without literacy; happened when all of the Mycenaean kingdoms had collapsed a few decades after Pylos was destroyed and abandoned
Dark Ages
What was the time period for the Dark Ages?
1000-750 BCE
What era was when Homer began to write in ancient Greek alphabet?
Archaic Age
What was the time period for the Archaic Age?
750-550 BCE
served as the major cult site during classical times for the worship of the god Apollo
Delphi
A celebration of Zeus every four years. All male and performed in the nude
Olympic Games
A series of 22 written symbols that represented sounds.; was used as a model for Western alphabet
Phoenician Alphabet
Greeks, through whom the gods spoke, who gives a prophecy; they would go into a trance
oracles
People came from all over Greece and beyond to have their questions about the future answered by the Pythia, the priestess of Apollo
Oracle at Delphi
Archaic age female Lyric/Love Poet
Sappho
Literally means the origin of the gods; preserves the story of the Titans and how they were destroyed by Zeus
Theogony
Hesiod’s description of the annual round of labor on a Greek farm
Work and Days
catalogues the adventures of Odysseus, one of their (Agamemnon and Achilles) companions, on his way home from the Trojan War
Odyssey
Greek for “moral virtue” or “excellence”; only a males can have this virtue
areté
Greek philosophers prior to Socrates (469-399 BCE) who studied the external world and natural science, whereas later Greek thinkers focused on the internal world of human psychology, rationality, and values.
Pre-Socratics
Who are the 3 Pre-Socratics?
Thales of Miletus, Anaximander, Pythagoras of Samos
concerned with the origins of the universe
Cosmogony
concerned with the structure of the universe
Cosmology
Who believed “All is Water”?
Thales
Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who thought the primal element and way of understanding the cosmos was water; thought everything was made of water; he thought that flat earth was floating on water so the movement of the earth shaking was b/c of the waves of the water
Thales of Miletus
Who believed “All is Apareon”?
Anaximander
Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who thought his teacher Thales’s thought of water was stupid; he thought the whole universe was constructed of Apareon (the infinite, the boundless); thought the earth was a big cylinder, the people on top, around earth was a round of water, then air, then fire
Anaximander
Who believed “All is Number”?
Pythagoras
