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HIST 1001 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Greek writer of “The History of the Persian Wars”

A

Herodotus

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2
Q

Herodotus used this word. means history

A

“Historion”

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3
Q

Explain what “historion” meant to Herodotus.

A

inquiry, investigation, or questioning

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4
Q

evidence that comes from that time period

A

primary source

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5
Q

evidence that comes from someone or something else (not from that time period)

A

secondary source

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6
Q

Give examples of primary sources.

A

Moodle readings, documentaries, monuments

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7
Q

Give examples of secondary sources

A

Textbook, professor, history accounts

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8
Q

When reading a primary source, what questions do you ask in level one?

A

Who wrote it? When was it written? What type of document is it? Main storyline?

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9
Q

When reading a primary source, what questions do you ask in level two?

A

Intended audience? Why was it written? Assumptions made in the source?

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10
Q

When reading a primary source, what questions do you ask in level three?

A

Is this document reliable and/or accurate? What can I learn about the society/person who created this document? How does it relate to its context?

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11
Q

Greek word meaning between the rivers

A

Mesopotamia

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12
Q

What was a frequent problem in Mesopotamia?

A

Flooding and very little rainfall

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13
Q

What are the 2 major rivers that poured down from northern mountains to vast dry plain, surrounding Mesopotamia

A

Euphrates and Tigris

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14
Q

shallow, slow-moving river

A

Euphrates

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15
Q

river that ran fast through a deep channel that made its waters difficult to tap for use in irrigation.

A

Tigris

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16
Q

The process of supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops.

A

irrigation

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17
Q

Among the many achievements of the ancient Sumerians was the invention of ______________.

A

writings

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18
Q

had to develop methods of river control and irrigation

A

Sumerians

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19
Q

The creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization; The name of the first culture in the world to develop cities.

A

Sumerians

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20
Q

“Semitic people” north of the Sumerian city-states; established the world’s first empire

A

Akkadians

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21
Q

Who is the leader of the Akkadians?

A

Sargon the Great

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22
Q

great military men who conquered a part of Mesopotamia; polytheistic

A

Assyrians

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23
Q

Semitic-speaking people who exploited the use of iron weapons to establish an empire

A

assyrians

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24
Q

conquered Southern part of Mesopotamia and built giant walled cities

A

Babylonians

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25
Q

they were conquered by the Persians, destroyed the first temple

A

babylonians

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26
Q

center of city; huge multilevel temple associated with a palace; made from mud brick

A

ziggurat

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27
Q

This ancient narrative describes its hero’s superhuman efforts to subdue the Earth, and it reflects on the costs as well as the benefits of such behavior.

A

Epic of Gilgamesh

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28
Q

powerful Sumerian king who goes too far; after gods kill Enkidu, he starts to question everything and wants to find immortality

A

Gilgamesh

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29
Q

gods send him to kill Gilgamesh, but they become friends; gods kill him by poisoning

A

Enkidu

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30
Q

means wedge-shaped; A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.

A

cuneiform

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31
Q

Family of related languages that include Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic.

A

Semitic

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32
Q

The result of an upheaval was the spread of what scholars call the _________________ family of languages from Ireland across Europe to Asia Minor, Iran, and India.

A

Indo-European

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33
Q

a compendium of earlier laws rather than an innovation

A

Law Code of Hammurabi

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34
Q

Famous blue-colored gate with gold pictures on it from Babylon

A

Ishtar Gate

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35
Q

Where was the first written language found?

A

Mesopotamia

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36
Q

What makes it hard to live in Mesopotamia?

A

spontaneous flooding, doesn’t rain a lot, and competition

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37
Q

What did the people in Mesopotamia come up with in order to make up for it not raining a lot there?

A

irrigation

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38
Q

Why did the Sumerians start writing?

A

accounting of food

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39
Q

What are the 4 Mesopotamian civilizations?

A

Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians

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40
Q

What are the 2 main Western language groups?

A

Semitic and Indo-European

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41
Q

What 3 civilizations are a part of the Semitic language group?

A

Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian

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42
Q

What language group are the Sumerians apart of?

A

it is not a part of either Semitic nor Indo-European

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43
Q

What is the Stele of Naram-Sin?

A

a statue portraying an Akkadian king’s victory over the Lullubi Mountain people

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44
Q

Hammurabi was the King of ___________________.

A

Babylonia

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45
Q

Who did the Law Code of Hammurabi mainly apply to?

A

the wealthy class

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46
Q

Egyptian civilization is centered around what?

A

Nile river

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47
Q

The Nile flows from the __________ to the _____________.

A

south to north

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48
Q

How was the Nile’s flood cycle (predictable or non predictable)?

A

highly predictable flood cycle

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49
Q

What did Egyptians think of floods?

A

the were “life giving” to them

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50
Q

Was it easy to conquer places in Egypt? Why or why not?

A

No; they lived in impassible deserts

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51
Q

What are the 3 eras of Ancient Egyptian history?

A

Old, Middle, and New

52
Q

This was the first Egyptian civilization

A

Old Kingdom, 3000-2200 BC

53
Q

Old Kingdom was centered at ___________ Egypt and _____________ was its capitol.

A

Lower Egypt; Memphis

54
Q

Pyramids were built during which era of Ancient Egyptian history?

A

Old Kingdom

55
Q

What was the center of Egyptian life, transportation highway, and communication link?

A

Nile

56
Q

claimed to be earthly embodiments of the gods; seen as speaking the will of the gods, keeper of the Nile, and controlled Egypt

A

Pharaoh

57
Q

After the pharaoh’s earthly body was laid to rest, the people would prepare their bodies through mummification. Why?

A

So the pharaoh could start his journey to join the other gods

58
Q

A process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying

A

mummification

59
Q

tombs of the god-kings; pharaohs were buried here

A

pyramid

60
Q

Were pyramids built by slaves or by free labor?

A

free labor

61
Q

Egyptians created this type of written language using pictograms.

A

hieroglyphs

62
Q

Egyptians used this writing surface for hieroglyphs

A

papyrus

63
Q

What were the pyramids built out of?

A

limestone

64
Q

Limestone was quarried from ___________ Egypt which is in the ___________.

A

Upper Egypt; south

65
Q

Earliest pyramid that we have; it is called a step pyramid

A

Pyramid of King Djoser

66
Q

Who conquered Egypt, looted the pyramids, and found Rosetta Stone?

A

Napoleon

67
Q

Historians used this inscription that has 3 scripts (hieroglyphs, later Egyptian writing, and ancient Greek) to decipher hieroglyphs thus allowing us to read other Egyptian writing

A

Rosetta Stone

68
Q

Unlike the Old Kingdom, the ____________ Kingdom expanded its lands southward and began to trade with neighboring lands

A

Middle Kingdom, 2040-1785 BC

69
Q

What are some theories as to why the Middle kingdom crumbled?

A

Hiksos (settled in area nearby), new technology for farming in warfare that disrupted their society

70
Q

Middle Kingdom was centered in ___________ Egypt, and ___________ was its capitol.

A

Upper; Thebes

71
Q

Pharaohs in the Middle Kingdom associated themselves with what god?

A

Sun god of Thebes

72
Q

Where were the tombs of the Middle Kingdom carved?

A

Carved into rock on the outskirts of Thebes

73
Q

Began with the unification of the Nile River valley and also centered in Thebes in Upper Egypt

A

New Kingdom, 1550-1085 BC

74
Q

female pharaoh who is buried in a complex that is a tomb and temple combined

A

Hatshepsut

75
Q

What is an Egyptian symbol of immense power?

A

Artificial beard

76
Q

Pharaoh who reigned near the end of the new kingdom and was a part of the Battle of Kadesh against the Hittites

A

Ramses II

77
Q

The Temple of Ramses II was carved into living rock and is guarded by what?

A

4 massive statues of himself

78
Q

The capitol city that was the center of the Middle and New Kingdoms.

A

Thebes

79
Q

The isolation and limited contact that characterized the previous periods of unification gave way to what 3 things in the new kingdom?

A

Trade, warfare, and diplomacy

80
Q

There was a flourish of trade, wealth, and slaves in which kingdom?

A

New

81
Q

In the new kingdom, there were no pyramids built, but Egyptians built tombs where?

A

Valley of the Kings (Thebes)

82
Q

Where did Egyptians build huge, richly decorated temples in the New Kingdom?

A

Karnak and Luxor

83
Q

A pharaoh who established the worship in a new god in an attempt to counter the growing power of a priest

A

Akhenaten/Amenhotep

84
Q

“New” god who was depicted as the disk of the sun who was closely associated to the pharaoh and his family

A

Aten

85
Q

In addition to closing many of the temples, Akhenaten established a new capitol city called ____________ halfway b/t Memphis and Thebes. He built many temples and artwork emphasizing Aten and the pharaoh’s family

A

Amarna Altar panel

86
Q

Akhenaten’s wife who is pictured in a famous bust

A

Nefertiti

87
Q

The worship of Aten was seen as monotheism, but was actually ___________ and only lasted during Akhenaten’s reign

A

monolatry

88
Q

Akhenaten’s young successor who moved the capitol back to Thebes and reestablished the worship of the traditional gods

A

Tutankhamun

89
Q

What is so special about King Tut’s tomb?

A

the only one found intact and not looted by thieves

90
Q

King Tut’s tomb was filled with jewelry, chariots, gold, and other expensive things, but the most important was his giant stone sarcophagus which contained an inner coffin made of ________ ________ inside a gold leaf covered coffin which was inside of a wood and plaster coffin.

A

solid gold

91
Q

Who discovered and opened up King Tut’s tomb?

A

Howard Carter

92
Q

the worship of one god w/out necessarily denying the existence of other gods

A

monolatry

93
Q

belief in one and only one god

A

monotheism

94
Q

Why is papyrus better than cuneiform tablets?

A

Papyrus is easier to write on and carry

95
Q

Which kingdom conquered neighboring lands?

A

New

96
Q

What did Akhenaten change his name to?

A

Amerhotep IV

97
Q

small group of Semitic people; monotheism emerges in this group of people

A

Hebrews

98
Q

The name given to the People of God, later known as the Israelites, Israel, or the Jews.

A

Hebrews

99
Q

earliest biblical text found in 7th century BCE

A

Silver scrolls

100
Q

Hebrew and Aramaic texts; included Jewish biblical texts

A

Dead Sea scrolls

101
Q

conquered Israel; gives proof of the people in Israel

A

Stele of Pharaoh Merneptah

102
Q

main patriarch of Hebrews from Mesopotamia

A

Abraham

103
Q

Yahweh tells him to take his family elsewhere to Canaan, so he can follow him and his rules

A

Abraham

104
Q

a binding agreement or contract

A

covenant

105
Q

YHWH; Hebrews’ one specific God\

A

Yahweh

106
Q

Moses frees slaves from Egypt to go back to the promise land

A

Exodus

107
Q

What does Yahweh give Moses?

A

10 commandments

108
Q

conquest of Jerusalem was by the Hebrew King, ___________

A

David

109
Q

David’s son who built the Temple to Yahweh

A

Solomon

110
Q

used to be Canaanite city; center of Judaism and the House of God

A

Jerusalem

111
Q

Solomon built this temple with no statue of God

A

Temple to Yahweh

112
Q

Jerusalem was divided into what 2 kingdoms?

A

Israel and Judah

113
Q

What was the North kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Kingdom if Israel

114
Q

What was the South kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Kingdom of Judah

115
Q

Who came and conquered the kingdom of Israel?

A

Assyrians

116
Q

Who came and conquered the kingdom of Judah?

A

Babylonians

117
Q

the period during the sixth century when the Judeans were banished and their temple was destroyed

A

Babylonian exile

118
Q

Why is Gilgamesh ashamed of the way he is dying?

A

He is ashamed b/c if you do not die in battle then you die a shameful death

119
Q

What is the setting of the Epic of Gilgamesh?

A

Mesopotamia

120
Q

Who was Tiglathpileser I?

A

Assyrian king

121
Q

What type of document was the Inscription of Tiglathpileser I?

A

Inscription put on the wall

122
Q

Who was the intended audience?

A

For public to see in pictures b/c many people could not read; or the people who he conquered

123
Q

What is the main story line of the Inscription of Tiglathpileser I?

A

He expanded his empire b/c the gods told him to, when a rebellion arose, he crushed them

124
Q

Why was the Inscription of Tiglathpileser I written?

A

To intimidate the people that he has already conquered and others to not rebel against him

125
Q

What are some assumptions that we can make about the Inscription of Tiglathpileser I?

A

He believed everything he did was b/c the gods told him to; Assyria was a land of warfare

HIST 1001 (6 decks)

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