Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AVS 222 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

a. Name the four stages of folliculogenesis?
b. Which stage is highly dependent on FSH hormone?
c. Which stage is FSH independent and LH dependent?

A

a. recruitment, selection, dominance, atresia
b. recruitment & selection
c. dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name three specific functions of luteinizing hormone (LH) . Also describe what causes preovulatory surge of LH.

A

LH - CL growth and maintenance, testosterone and progesterone synthesis, follicle growth and maturation, ovulation, spermiogenesis and oogenesis.
Preovulatory surge - high estradiol levels give a positive feedback on the surge center releasing a high amount of GnRH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False

During the follicular phase the dominant ovarian structure is follicle and the dominant steroid hormone is progesterone.

A

False, estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or False

The predominant steroid hormone during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle is progesterone.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False

During the late follicular phase, the surge of estrogen must occur after LH surge in order for ovulation to occur.

A

False, before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False

Ovulation occurs at the end of follicular phase and LH is responsible for this event.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False

If the embryo is present, then the embryo signals the uterus and as a result PGF2alpha will be inhibited.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During _____ - phase of the estrous cycle, theca interns and granulosa cells undergo a dramatic transformation (remodeling). Transformation of these cells is governed by _____ hormone and as a result theca and granulosa cells become _____ and _____ respectively. The main function of these new transformed cells is to synthesize and secrete _____ hormone.

A 
Metestrus
LH
Small luteal cells 
Large luteal cells
Progesterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ leydig cells secretion.

A

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ cells that become large luteal cells after ovulation.

A

Granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ causes an increase in Ca+2 influx into cells of the corpus luteum.

A

Prostaglandin F2alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____ fusion of male and female pronuclei

A

Syngamy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____ enzyme responsible for ZP digestion

A

Acrosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____ where spermatids can be found

A

Adluminal compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_____ enzyme responsible for breakdown of follicular wall

A

Collagenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_____ it is called the one cell embryo

A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_____ regressing corpus luteum (last few days of estrous cycle)

A

Corpus albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Given that the length of the whole process of spermatogenesis is 39 days in the boar, what is the length of the seminiferous tubule cycle of this species?

A

39/4.5 = 8.67 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the Bull the duration of spermatocytogenesis is approximately 21-22 days, what is the duration of spermatocytogenesis in the boar?

A

14-15 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In bovine (bull) what is the duration (days) of (meiosis + spermiogenesis)?

A

D+F = 21+18 = 39 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the four phases of the spermiogenesis in order.

A

Golgi
Cap
Acrosomal
Maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

At which phase of spermiogenesis does the spermatids nucleus begin to elongate and the acrosome evenly covers the majority of the nucleus.

A

Acrosomal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the phases of the estrous cycle.

A

Follicular

Luteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What major event is happening around Metestrus?

A

Follicule forms into corpus hemorrhagicum then into corpus luteum, producing progesterone increasingly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What two major events are occurring in the ovary during Estrus?

A

Dominant follicule is maturing

Ovulation happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The factor responsible for holding the primary oocyte in nuclear arrest (dictyotene).

a. inhibin
b. meiotic inhibitor factor
c. luteinizing hormone (LH)
d. FSHRH

A

b. meiotic inhibitor factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hormones responsible for decreasing FSH secretion (negative feed back) at the end of the follicular phase.

a. progesterone
b. estradiol
c. inhibin
d. b&c
e. none of the above

A

d. b&c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The enzyme of the sperm that digests the zona pellucida.

a. ZPase
b. acrosin
c. hydrolytic enzyme
d. galactocyl transferase
e. none of the above

A

b. acrosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of artificial insemination?

a. faster genetic improvement
b. disease control
c. less labor required
d. safety

A

c. less labor required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Before sperm from farm animals can fertilize an ovum they must undergo a process called.

a. awakening
b. decapacitation
c. capacitation
d. spermiation
e. cytogenesis

A

c. capacitation

31
Q

The site of species specificity in sperm penetration of the egg is the

a. sperm itself
b. vitelline membrane of the egg
c. corona radiata
d. zona pellucida
e. pre - vitelline membrane

A

d. zona pellucida

32
Q

Which of the following hormone is important for estrous behavior

a. progesterone
b. inhibin
c. estrogen
d. prostaglandin f2alpha
e. FSH

A

c. estrogen

33
Q

Which of the following is involved in the processes of apoptosis?

a. calcium
b. potassium
c. phosphorous
d. sodium

A

a. calcium

34
Q

Mare - length of estrus (heat)

A

7 days

35
Q

Mare - length of the estrous cycle

A

21 days

36
Q

Cow - length of estrus (heat)

A

15 hours

37
Q

Cow - length of the estrous cycle

A

21 days

38
Q

Sheep - length of estrus (heat)

A

30 hours

39
Q

Sheep - length of the estrous cycle

A

17 days

40
Q

During the process of fertilization sperm binds to a specific binding site _____, which surrounds the oocyte. After sperm binds with this region, it undergoes _____ process, which releases the _____ enzyme. After a spermatozoa penetrates the outer layer of the oocyte, it binds to the _____. The binding of the equatorial segment of the sperm to this membrane leads to a reaction that is commonly know as the _____. The primary function of this reaction is to _____.

A 
Zona Pellucida
Acrosomal reaction 
Acrosin
Vitelline membrane 
Cortical reaction (vitelline block?)
Stop polyspermy
41
Q

Glycoprotein hormone _____ - is secreted from the anterior pituitary and affects _____ cells, which are responsible for _____ production. Meanwhile, FSH from the _____ affects _____ cells which are responsible for aromatase activity and conversion of testosterone to estradiol. As you may know, a glycoprotein hormone called _____ secreted from Sertoli cells keeps a tab on (controls) FSH secretion and acts as a part of negative feedback system for FSH.

A 
LH
Leydig 
Testosterone
Anterior pituitary 
Sertoli 
Inhibin
42
Q

True or False

Sperms that reach the ampulla though the sustained transport are capable of fertilizing an egg.

A

True

43
Q

True or False

Decapacitation factor can be added to the sperm cells through the sperm maturation process in the epididymis

A

True

44
Q

True or False

The one cell embryo is called morula

A

False, Zygote

45
Q

True or False

After membrane fusion of sperm with ZP, the cortical granules undergo exocytosis and their contents are released

A

True

46
Q

What is the function of the inner cell mass?

A

house the cells that form the mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm

47
Q

Name two kinds of cells that surround the blastocoele.

A

trophoblasts

ectoderm

48
Q

How many days after fertilization does blastocyst occur?

A

7-8 days

49
Q

Please name the four steps of Oogenesis (Oocyte maturation).

A
  1. Mitotic division of germ cells
  2. Nuclear arrest
  3. Cytoplasmic growth
  4. Removal of oocyte meiotic inhibitor (OMI)
50
Q

What is vesiculation?

A

holes develop at the points of fusion

51
Q

Define SP10

A

Surface protein 10 - found on the sperm

52
Q

What hormone can be used for superovulation?

A

FSH

53
Q

I give an injection to a cow. Three days later the cow exhibited estrus (heat), What did I administer to this cow? Could you tell at which stage of the estrous cycle that injection was given?

A

PGF2alpha

Diestrus

54
Q

_____ binds to receptors on granulosa cells to cause them to convert testosterone to estrogen

A

FSH

55
Q

_____ follicle with single layer of granulosa cells

A

Primary follicle

56
Q

_____ produced by luteal cells found in high concentration during pregnancy

A

Progesterone

57
Q

_____ when the mitochondria assemble around the tail of the sperm

A

Maturation phase

58
Q

_____ the phase in which golgi migrates toward the top part of the sperm cell, axoneme start to form and acrosomic vesicle start to flatten

A

Cap phase

59
Q

_____ the clear mucus produced by the cow’s cervix and washes the sperm out of the tract

A

Sulfamucin

60
Q

Given that the length go the seminiferous tubule cycle is 12.2 days in the stallion, what is the length of the spermatogenesis in this species?

A

12.2 * 4.5 = 54.90 days

61
Q

At which phase of spermiogenesis does the acrosomic vesicle flatten and proximal and distal centrioles begin to form the flagellum (axoneme)

A

Cap Phase

62
Q

True or False
During the Recruitment phase of the folliculogenesis cows experience a high amount of FSH low amount of LH, no inhibin, and no estradiol.

A

True

63
Q

True or False

The vigor of the corpus luteum likely depends on the number of luteal cells and the degree of the CL vascularization.

A

True

64
Q

True or False

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death the is highly involved during ovulation.

A

False

65
Q

True or False

LH binds it receptor on the Theca cells and stimulates testosterone synthesis

A

True

66
Q

True or False

FSH binds its receptor on the Granulosa cells and initiates estradiol synthesis

A

True

67
Q

True or False

Secondary Oocyte can be found only in the ovulatory follicle and before LH surge.

A

False

68
Q

True or False

There is a decrease in Ca flux in luteal cells of the CL during luteolysis

A

False

69
Q

True or False

The granulosa cells become large luteal cells under influence of FSH

A

False

70
Q

True or False

Corpus Hemorrahgicum develops during the diestrus stage

A

False

71
Q

True or False

ZP1 and ZP3 are involved with initial binding (adhesion) of the sperm to the egg

A

True

72
Q

True or False

Release of acrosomal enzymes allows the sperm cells to digest its way through ZP

A

True

73
Q

Where in the female reproductive tract does spermatozoa become hyperactive and what happens to the motility pattern?

A

Oviduct

goes from linear to frenzied and dancing motion

AVS 222 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions