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AVS 222 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three segments of the oviduct.

A 
Infundibulum  (closes to the ovary and egg)
Ampulla 
Isthmus (furthest from the ovary and egg)
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2
Q

What is the function of the infundibulum?

A

Collection of the oocyte from the ovary during ovulation

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3
Q

What hormone is responsible for allowing ovulation to occur and the egg has been released? Where is this hormone produced?

A

LH

Anterior pituitary

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4
Q

In which segment does fertilization take place?

A

Ampulla

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5
Q

The portion of the broad ligament that supports the _____ is called mesoovarium.

A

Ovary

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6
Q

The portion of the broad ligament that supports the oviduct is called the _____.

A

Mesosalpinx

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7
Q

The portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterine horns is called the _____.

A

Mesometrium

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8
Q

True or False

Te cremaster muscle works as a pulse pressure eliminator.

A

False

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9
Q

True or False

Ampulla is site of sperm maturation.

A

False

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10
Q

True or False

Sigmoid flexture is one of the cavernous bodies that exists in bulls.

A

True

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11
Q 
True or False
Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper's Gland) produces gel fraction of seminal plasma volume.
A

True

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12
Q

Maturation and motility of the sperm is acquired in this tubule: _____.

A

Epididymis

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13
Q

Name the three accessory sex glands and give one function for each.

A

Cowper’s Gland - adds gel fraction
Prostate Gland - cleans and lubricated
Vesicular Gland - adds fructose

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14
Q

Cortex and medulla are reversed

A

Mare

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15
Q

Paramesonephric duct

A

Mullerian Duct

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16
Q

The outer most layer of the uterus

A

Tunica serosa

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17
Q

This is the layer of the uterus that is responsible for contraction.

A

Tunica muscularis

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18
Q

This is the class of follicles that have many layers of granulosa cells and an antrum

A

Graafian follicle

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19
Q

Granulosa cells secrete this hormone

A

Estrogen

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20
Q

Secretes progesterone

A

Corpus luteum

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21
Q

Produces testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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22
Q

Prevents objects from entering the uterus and prevents fetal expulsion

A

Cervix

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23
Q

Thick protein layer surrounding the egg

A

Zona Pellucida

24
Q

Provides motility and concentrates sperm

A

Epididymis

25
Q

Cells that produce inhibin in the males

A

Sertoli cells

26
Q

Responsible for regression of the corpus luteum

A

Prostaglandin F2alpha

27
Q

_____ from the fetal liver binds to with estradiol making a large complex that cannot cross the _____ and thus the hypothalamic GnRH surge center remains intact in the female. In the male; however, there is no need for the surge center. What happens is that _____ is converted to estradiol (estrogen) by an enzyme called _____. Estradiol then defeminizes the surge center.

A

Alpha-Fetoprotein
Blood brain barrier
Testosterone
Aromatase

28
Q

Where is Anti-mullerian hormone synthesized and what does it do?

A

Sertoli cells - causes the regression of the Mullerian duct

29
Q

What is the role of the Sry gene and what factor is expressed by this gene?

A

The Sry gene causes the wolffian duct to grow by testes determining factor
Sry–TDF–testis–sertoli cells–AMH–regression of the mullerian duct

30
Q

Sexual differentiations occur in three levels. One is genetic differentiation, and the other two levels are _____ and _____.

A

Brain differentiation

Gonadal differentiation

31
Q

Name the three morphologically distinctive renal systems (Kidneys). Which is the least developed renal system?

A

Pronephros - least developed system
Mesanephros
Metanephros

32
Q

Name three segments of the epididymis.

A

Head
Body
Tail

33
Q

Name three major functions of the epididymis

A

Maturation of sperm
Mobility of sperm
Concentration of sperm

34
Q

List the descent of the testes in order. What hormone is mainly responsible for the descent of the testes?

A
  1. growth of the body away from the testes
  2. growth of the gubernaculum
  3. regression of the gubernaculum
    Insulin-like Factor 3
35
Q

The receptors for testosterone hormone are located

a. inside the cell
b. outside the cell
c. in the cell membrane

A

a

36
Q

Prolactin hormone receptors are located

a. inside the cell
b. outside the cell
c. in the cell membrane

A

c

37
Q

Among mammals there are three distinct types of uteri. For example, humans have a simplex uterus. Name the other two types of uteri and provide an example of species for each type of uterus.

A

Bipartle - cow

Duplex - rat

38
Q

What hormone is solely involved with follicular growth?
Where is it synthesized?
What is the chemical structure? (classification)
What kind of receptor does it bind to?
What would happen (physiologically) if you could negate (counteract) the production of this hormone?

A 
Follicle Stimulating Hormone 
Anterior pituitary 
Glycoprotein
plasma-membrane receptor
The follicle would NOT grow, NO estrus would occur
39
Q

What hormone is involved with uterine (endometrium) gland secretion (uterine milk), inhibition of heat activity?
Where is it synthesized?
What is the chemical structure? (classification)
What kind of receptor does it bind to?
What would happen (physiologically) if you could negate (counteract) the production of this hormone?

A 
Progesterone 
Corpus luteum
Steroid
nuclear receptor 
The female could not support the pregnancy, and begin cycling again
40
Q

What is the main and unique structure that provides a heat exchanger mechanism for the testis?
Where do you find this structure in the male reproductive tract?
How does it work?

A

Pampaniform plexus
Within the spermatic cord, above the testes
It has many arteries and veins in which the blood gets moved around and cooled down to 2-5 degrees Celsius before reaching the testes.

41
Q

What is the precursor for steroid hormones?

A

Cholesterol

42
Q

The oocyte within the ovulatory follicle is surrounded by several layers of _____ cells. These cells are responsible for synthesizing a steroid hormone called _____. After ovulation these cells undergo remodeling (reconstruction) and become _____ that are responsible for production of another steroid hormone called _____.

A

Granulosa
Estradiol
CL
Progesterone

43
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Target (tissue is effected by)
Chemical structure (classification)

A

Follicle, gonads

Glycoprotein

44
Q

Estrogen
Target (tissue is effected by)
Chemical structure (classification)

A

Hypothalamus, Reproductive tract, Mammary gland

Steroid

45
Q

Prostaglandin
Target (tissue is effected by)
Chemical structure (classification)

A

Corpus Luteum

Fatty acid

46
Q

True or False

Small group of female pigs (gilts) housed together have delayed onset of puberty.

A

True

47
Q

True or False

Presense of the male hastens the onset of puberty

A

True

48
Q

True or False

Onset of puberty is independent from season of birth and photoperiod

A

False

49
Q

True or False

The female must reach a threshold body size and stature before puberty can be achieved.

A

True

50
Q

How could you tell that LH secretion is impaired?

A

The female would not ovulate, there would not be maintenance of the CL, progesterone synthesis would not occur, oogenesis would not occur. There would be not growth and maturation of the follicle.

51
Q

What is the key to initiation of puberty and what phenomenon needs to take place before we observe ovarian activities?

A

The surge center of the hypothalamus needs to become less sensitive to estradiol. This would allow for GnRH to spike releasing high amounts of LH and FSH.
increase in pulse frequency
increase in amplitude

52
Q

Starting with the site of sperm production, name in the correct order, all the tubules the sperm must pass through as they exit the body. (6)

A

Site of sperm production–Rete Testes–Efferent Duct–epididymis–vas deferens–ampulla–penal shaft

53
Q

Name the three distinctive germ layers that are differentiated and give two organs examples for each germ layer.

A

Ectoderm - scrotum, labia
Endoderm - epididymis, internal vagina
Mesoderm - ovary, testicle

54
Q

What is the role of TDF and what gene is responsible for its production?

A

TDF aids in the development of the testis

Sry gene is responsible for production

55
Q

What are the factors that impact the development of hypothalamic GnRH neurons and ultimately age to puberty?

A

Nutrition - a malnourished or overfed animal will take longer to hit puberty
Socialization - females put in with some males will reach puberty faster
Environment - animals in a stress-free environment will reach puberty faster

AVS 222 (14 decks)

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