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AVS 222 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three segments of the oviduct.

A 
Infundibulum  (closes to the ovary and egg)
Ampulla 
Isthmus (furthest from the ovary and egg)
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2
Q

What is the function of the infundibulum?

A

Collection of the oocyte from the ovary during ovulation

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3
Q

What hormone is responsible for allowing ovulation to occur and the egg has been released? Where is this hormone produced?

A

LH

Anterior pituitary

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4
Q

In which segment does fertilization take place?

A

Ampulla

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5
Q

The portion of the broad ligament that supports the _____ is called mesoovarium.

A

Ovary

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6
Q

The portion of the broad ligament that supports the oviduct is called the _____.

A

Mesosalpinx

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7
Q

The portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterine horns is called the _____.

A

Mesometrium

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8
Q

True or False

Te cremaster muscle works as a pulse pressure eliminator.

A

False

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9
Q

True or False

Ampulla is site of sperm maturation.

A

False

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10
Q

True or False

Sigmoid flexture is one of the cavernous bodies that exists in bulls.

A

True

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11
Q 
True or False
Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper's Gland) produces gel fraction of seminal plasma volume.
A

True

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12
Q

Maturation and motility of the sperm is acquired in this tubule: _____.

A

Epididymis

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13
Q

Name the three accessory sex glands and give one function for each.

A

Cowper’s Gland - adds gel fraction
Prostate Gland - cleans and lubricated
Vesicular Gland - adds fructose

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14
Q

Cortex and medulla are reversed

A

Mare

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15
Q

Paramesonephric duct

A

Mullerian Duct

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16
Q

The outer most layer of the uterus

A

Tunica serosa

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17
Q

This is the layer of the uterus that is responsible for contraction.

A

Tunica muscularis

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18
Q

This is the class of follicles that have many layers of granulosa cells and an antrum

A

Graafian follicle

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19
Q

Granulosa cells secrete this hormone

A

Estrogen

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20
Q

Secretes progesterone

A

Corpus luteum

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21
Q

Produces testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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22
Q

Prevents objects from entering the uterus and prevents fetal expulsion

A

Cervix

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23
Q

Thick protein layer surrounding the egg

A

Zona Pellucida

24
Q

Provides motility and concentrates sperm

A

Epididymis

25
Cells that produce inhibin in the males
Sertoli cells
26
Responsible for regression of the corpus luteum
Prostaglandin F2alpha
27
_____ from the fetal liver binds to with estradiol making a large complex that cannot cross the _____ and thus the hypothalamic GnRH surge center remains intact in the female. In the male; however, there is no need for the surge center. What happens is that _____ is converted to estradiol (estrogen) by an enzyme called _____. Estradiol then defeminizes the surge center.
Alpha-Fetoprotein Blood brain barrier Testosterone Aromatase
28
Where is Anti-mullerian hormone synthesized and what does it do?
Sertoli cells - causes the regression of the Mullerian duct
29
What is the role of the Sry gene and what factor is expressed by this gene?
The Sry gene causes the wolffian duct to grow by testes determining factor Sry--TDF--testis--sertoli cells--AMH--regression of the mullerian duct
30
Sexual differentiations occur in three levels. One is genetic differentiation, and the other two levels are _____ and _____.
Brain differentiation | Gonadal differentiation
31
Name the three morphologically distinctive renal systems (Kidneys). Which is the least developed renal system?
Pronephros - least developed system Mesanephros Metanephros
32
Name three segments of the epididymis.
Head Body Tail
33
Name three major functions of the epididymis
Maturation of sperm Mobility of sperm Concentration of sperm
34
List the descent of the testes in order. What hormone is mainly responsible for the descent of the testes?
1. growth of the body away from the testes 2. growth of the gubernaculum 3. regression of the gubernaculum Insulin-like Factor 3
35
The receptors for testosterone hormone are located a. inside the cell b. outside the cell c. in the cell membrane
a
36
Prolactin hormone receptors are located a. inside the cell b. outside the cell c. in the cell membrane
c
37
Among mammals there are three distinct types of uteri. For example, humans have a simplex uterus. Name the other two types of uteri and provide an example of species for each type of uterus.
Bipartle - cow | Duplex - rat
38
What hormone is solely involved with follicular growth? Where is it synthesized? What is the chemical structure? (classification) What kind of receptor does it bind to? What would happen (physiologically) if you could negate (counteract) the production of this hormone?
``` Follicle Stimulating Hormone Anterior pituitary Glycoprotein plasma-membrane receptor The follicle would NOT grow, NO estrus would occur ```
39
What hormone is involved with uterine (endometrium) gland secretion (uterine milk), inhibition of heat activity? Where is it synthesized? What is the chemical structure? (classification) What kind of receptor does it bind to? What would happen (physiologically) if you could negate (counteract) the production of this hormone?
``` Progesterone Corpus luteum Steroid nuclear receptor The female could not support the pregnancy, and begin cycling again ```
40
What is the main and unique structure that provides a heat exchanger mechanism for the testis? Where do you find this structure in the male reproductive tract? How does it work?
Pampaniform plexus Within the spermatic cord, above the testes It has many arteries and veins in which the blood gets moved around and cooled down to 2-5 degrees Celsius before reaching the testes.
41
What is the precursor for steroid hormones?
Cholesterol
42
The oocyte within the ovulatory follicle is surrounded by several layers of _____ cells. These cells are responsible for synthesizing a steroid hormone called _____. After ovulation these cells undergo remodeling (reconstruction) and become _____ that are responsible for production of another steroid hormone called _____.
Granulosa Estradiol CL Progesterone
43
Follicle Stimulating Hormone Target (tissue is effected by) Chemical structure (classification)
Follicle, gonads | Glycoprotein
44
Estrogen Target (tissue is effected by) Chemical structure (classification)
Hypothalamus, Reproductive tract, Mammary gland | Steroid
45
Prostaglandin Target (tissue is effected by) Chemical structure (classification)
Corpus Luteum | Fatty acid
46
True or False | Small group of female pigs (gilts) housed together have delayed onset of puberty.
True
47
True or False | Presense of the male hastens the onset of puberty
True
48
True or False | Onset of puberty is independent from season of birth and photoperiod
False
49
True or False | The female must reach a threshold body size and stature before puberty can be achieved.
True
50
How could you tell that LH secretion is impaired?
The female would not ovulate, there would not be maintenance of the CL, progesterone synthesis would not occur, oogenesis would not occur. There would be not growth and maturation of the follicle.
51
What is the key to initiation of puberty and what phenomenon needs to take place before we observe ovarian activities?
The surge center of the hypothalamus needs to become less sensitive to estradiol. This would allow for GnRH to spike releasing high amounts of LH and FSH. increase in pulse frequency increase in amplitude
52
Starting with the site of sperm production, name in the correct order, all the tubules the sperm must pass through as they exit the body. (6)
Site of sperm production--Rete Testes--Efferent Duct--epididymis--vas deferens--ampulla--penal shaft
53
Name the three distinctive germ layers that are differentiated and give two organs examples for each germ layer.
Ectoderm - scrotum, labia Endoderm - epididymis, internal vagina Mesoderm - ovary, testicle
54
What is the role of TDF and what gene is responsible for its production?
TDF aids in the development of the testis | Sry gene is responsible for production
55
What are the factors that impact the development of hypothalamic GnRH neurons and ultimately age to puberty?
Nutrition - a malnourished or overfed animal will take longer to hit puberty Socialization - females put in with some males will reach puberty faster Environment - animals in a stress-free environment will reach puberty faster

AVS 222 (14 decks)

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