exam 2

Question 1

Which 2 local anesthetics have least vasodilator?

Answer 1

mepivicane and prilocaine

Question 2

what is the longest lasting local anesthetic?

Answer 2

bupivicaine

Question 3

what does maximum recommended doseage depend on?

Answer 3

patients health

Question 4

what local anesthetic has the shortest half life?

Answer 4

articaine

Question 5

trade names for articaine?

Answer 5

zorcaine
septocaine
articadent

Question 6

trade names for bupivicaine?

Answer 6

marcaine
vivacaine
bupivicaine

Question 7

trade names for lidocaine?

Answer 7

lidocaine
xylocaine
octocaine
lignospan

Question 8

trade names for mepivicane?

Answer 8

carbocaine
prolocaine
mepivicane 
isocaine
scandonest

Question 9

trade names for prilocaine?

Answer 9

citanest

citanest forte

Question 10

when is local anesthetic with no vasoconstrictor contraindicated?

Answer 10

on a patient who has had open heart surgery within the past 6 months

Question 11

absolute contraindication of local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor ?

Answer 11

uncontrolled diabetes

Question 12

when a peeing is sulfite allergy what should be avoided?

Answer 12

vasoconstrictors (levonordefeine)

Question 13

when a patient is allergic to wine, dry fruit, or chips… what should be avoided?

Answer 13

vasoconstrictor

Question 14

what is added to solution to prevent oxidation?

Answer 14

vasoconstrictor preservative 
(sodium bisulfite)

Question 15

what is added to solution to prevent bacterial growth?

Answer 15

methylparabine

Question 16

generic name for prilocaine

Answer 16

prilocaine

Question 17

trade names for bupivicaine

Answer 17

marcaine and vivicaine

Question 18

allergic reactions for local anesthetics are people with?

Answer 18

sulfite allergies- 1 percent is a true allergy

Question 19

this means to use anesthetic with care or watch

Answer 19

relative contraindication

Question 20

main advantage of topical anesthetic

Answer 20

site specific

Question 21

what should be done before administration of LA?

Answer 21

review health history

Question 22

other absolute contraindications if LA with vasoconstrictor

Answer 22

uncontrolled BP
by pass surgery
open heart surgery within 6 months

Question 23

what can be tried to reduce BP?

Answer 23

nitrous oxides

Question 24

what does prilocaine effect?

Answer 24

oxygen levels

Question 25

what is used for congestive heart failure because of arrhythmias with epinephrine?

Answer 25

digitalis glycosides

Question 26

why would vasoconstrictor be an absolute contraindication to someone with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 26

uncontrolled

Question 27

standard LA cartridge contains how much anesthetic?

Answer 27

1.8 mL

except articaine (1.7 mL)

Question 28

what is the main factor of a problem using LA if it is not working

Answer 28

check for vasoconstrictor

Question 29

when should you use little anesthetic as possible?

Answer 29

kids, elderly or people with any health problems

Question 30

if a pt has been given 2 cartridges of LA and it isn’t working what should be done?

Answer 30

readminister and adjust technique

Question 31

how is MRD tested?

Answer 31

on animals and humans and then approved by FDA

Question 32

what considerations are important when selecting LA?

Answer 32

duration of pain control
need for post op pain control 
pt health and current medications
allergies
need for hemostasis

Question 33

these provide pulpal anesthia for approx 30 minutes and no not contain vasoconstrictor

Answer 33

short acting LA

2% lidocaine
3% mepivicane
4% prilocaine

Question 34

these types of LA provide pulpal anesthesia for approx 60 minutes and contain vasoconstrictor except 4% prilocaine when admin as nerve block

Answer 34

intermediate acting

2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epi
2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epi
2% mepivicane, 1:20,000 levonordefrin
4% prilocaine 
4% prilocaine 1:200,000 epi
4% articaine 1:100,000 or 1:200,000 epi

Question 35

long lasting LA provides pulpal anesthesia for how long

Answer 35

90+ minutes

bupivicaine 0.5%, 1:200,000 epi

Question 36

means the administration of offending drug may be used judiciously

Answer 36

relative contraindication

Question 37

means the offending drug should not be administered to the individual under any circumstance

Answer 37

absolute contraindication

Question 38

what may cause allergic reactions of a LA?

Answer 38

containing sodium bisulfite or meta bisulfite

Question 39

other than LA, where are sulfates used?

Answer 39

prevent wine from fermentation and oxidation

preservative in dried fruit or potato products

Question 40

what may influence the type and volume of anesthetic or vasoconstrictor a patient may safely receive?

Answer 40

cardiovascular disease
hepatic disease
hyperthyroidism
brittle diabetes
allergies
tricyclic antidepressants
cimetidine
non selective beta blockers

Question 41

what provides better bleeding control?

Answer 41

epinephrine

Question 42

most commonly used La in dentistry

Answer 42

lidocaine

Question 43

what is a good alternative if a vasoconstrictor is contraindicated??

Answer 43

mepivicane

Question 44

what variety are topical anesthetics available in?

Answer 44

gel
ointment
spray
cream
liquid 
lozenge

Question 45

what can help identify an anxious patient?

Answer 45

observing the patients posture, body movements, speech patterns and skin

Question 46

clinical signs of moderate anxiety

Answer 46

unnaturally stuff posture
nervous play
white knuckle syndrome
perspiration on forehead and hands
overwillingness to cooperate with clinician
nervous conversation
quick answers

Question 47

another name for thyrotoxicosis

Answer 47

thyroid storm

Question 48

inherited syndrome triggered by exposure to certain drugs for general anesthesia and the neuromuscular blocking agent succinylcholine

Answer 48

malignant hyperthermia

Question 49

what triggers bronchospasms?

Answer 49

using vasoconstrictor on a patient with asthma or with bisulfite allergy