Exam 1: Chapter 11,12&13 Flashcards
1
Q
mandibular movement toward the midline; the mediotrusive side moves toward midline in function
A
mediotrusion
2
Q
what are active agents in triclosan toothpastes been shown to reduce plaque?
A
zinc citrate or copolymer of methoxyethlyene and maleic acid
3
Q
the maximum intercuspation of the mand. and max. teeth, also called centric occlusion and habitual occlusion
A
intercuspal position
4
Q
abnormal movement and can describe masticatory muscle incoordination or spasm
A
dyskinesia
5
Q
which tooth brushing method is focused at the gingival margin?
A
bass method
6
Q
this is a quaternary ammonium compound in mouthwashes?
A
cetylpyridinium
some also contain domiphen bromide
7
Q
what is a disadvantage of the scrub brushing technique?
A
it has been associated with gingival recession
8
Q
pain in the muscle
A
myalgia
9
Q
this is a phenolic compound available without a prescription in toothpaste formulations with antiplaque, anticalculus, and antigingivitis agent..
A
triclosan
10
Q
what happens in the phase 4 therapy?
A
evaluation of patients oral hygiene
smoking cessation
treatment depends on the condition of periodontium
11
Q
relationship of form and function
A
morphofunction
12
Q
what is the most effective antibacterial agent available?
A
chlorhexidine
13
Q
root smoothness achieves all of the following except one.. which one is the exception?
A
delays tissue attachment enhances self cleaning promotes healing retards plaque formation sooths irritated tissues
(delays tissue attachment)
14
Q
attachment gain after nonsurgical therapy should be measured carefully because inflamed tissues may not provide accurate reading
A
both are correct and related
15
Q
these reduce the bacterial load and enhance the hosts defense to the infectious oral pathogens in chronic periodontitis, aggressive perio and perio
A
antibiotics
16
Q
the concept of periodontal pathogens associated with different types of periodontal disease called
A
specific plaque hypothesis
17
Q
plaque control for perio pts. include tooth brushing and use of an appropriate interdental aid. All periodontal pts. must use dental floss
A
the first statement is true, second is false
18
Q
this is an effect enzyme suppressor including collegenase
A
periostat
19
Q
a number of clinical trials have proved this shows no additional benefit to healing compared with scaling and root planing alone
A
curretage
20
Q
this forces water between the teeth with a single or multiple jets of pulsed beads of water
A
supragingival irrigation
21
Q
why is penicillin a type of antibiotic is not considered effective in perio diseases?
A
because the pathogens are resistant to penicillin..
enzymes produced by periodontal pathogens tend to break down thepeniclliin
22
Q
the term that best describes heavy occlusal forces that have caused injury to tissues and bone in a normal periodontium
A
primary traumatic occlusion
23
Q
dental hygiene support for home care for perio patient includes
A
demonstrating the necessary techniques in the office
understanding individual pt. likes and dislikes relating to oral care
ongoing encouragement
24
Q
when is healing greatest for nonsurgical perio therapy?
A
3-6 weeks
25
treatment that alters the occlusal contacts or mandibular positin of the jaw
occlusal therapy
26
the antimicrobial minocycline is commonly used for antimicrobial agents for periodontal disease..what commercial agent, product form and how Is it placed?
arestin
microspheres
placed with syringe biodegrades
27
this is the simplest brushing technique and does not focus cleaning at the gingival margin
scrub method
28
this technique is beneficial for patients with orthodontics because the orientation of the bristles in this technique effectively removes debris trapped by brackets and wires
charters
29
as it ages, how does supragingival plaque become dominated?
by gram negative microbial species
30
what are some examples of antimicrobial irrigants?
0. 12% chlorhexidine
0. 4% stannous fluoride
0. 05% povidone fluoride
31
the term for removal of inflamed soft tissue wall lining of perio pocket is
gingival curettage
32
movement of the mandible outside the range of function
parafunction
33
tooth contact that does not allow the teeth to achieve stable interdigitation; also called supracontact
interference
34
this antibiotic is successful of certain periodontal diseases and can accumulate high concentrations in the gingival sulcus
tetracycline (minocycline or doxycycline)
35
what are the phases of phase 1 or intial therapy?
ER care; relief of sudden symptoms
oral hygiene instructions
nutritional counseling
correction of inadequate restorations
periodontal debridement
antimicrobial therapy
systemic antibiotics
fluoride applications
smoking cessation
minor orthodontic movement
extraction of hopeless teeth
reevaluation of initial therapy
36
what is the normal mandibular side to side movement?
8 mm
37
clamping and forcing the teeth together without grinding
clenching
38
what are the four symptoms commonly reported in patients with TMDS?
pain and tenderness in muscles of mastication
pain and tenderness in TMJ
painful clicking of the joint during function
limitation of mandibular motion
39
pain in the joint structure
arthalgia
40
cracking or snapping noises in the TMJ because of disk and condyle incoordination; can occur in one or both joints
clicking
41
involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, usually a painful interfering with function
spasm
42
to provide the most beneficial effects, chemical antiplaque agent should demonstrate several properties
antiplaque action
substantivty
low toxicity and non irritating
low permeability
43
what are lasers used for?
in periodontics- used for removing calculus, subgingival bacterial flora, sterilizing periodontal pockets, enhancing root instrumentation and performing perio surgery
44
what are the four primary symptoms of TMDS?
muscle pain, jaw pain, clicking, and limitation of motion
45
who is bruxism most common with?
children ages 3-12 yrs of age
46
air powder polishing works by application of a mechanical abrasion of slurry of
sodium bicarbonate and water
47
myalgia is best described as
pain in the muscles
48
grinding or gnashing of the teeth usually during sleep; an oral habit that can cause periodontal injury and pain and discomfort in the jaw
bruxism
49
what state is the oral cavity in when talking, chewing and swallowing?
dynamic
50
all of the following are characteristics of chlorhexadine except..
substantivity
anticalculus agent
taste perversion
ada approved for gingivitis treatment
(Anti calculus agent)
51
what are the short term goals of evaluation?
clean and smooth root surfaces
52
these are repetitive masticatory activities outside the normal range of function
oral habits
53
this technique involves brushing the teeth the way that they grow
roll
54
what are side effects of chlorhexidine?
dark brown staining, increased supragingival calculus and altered taste
55
what is the long term goal of calculus and biofilm removal?
regular removal of new deposits at subsequent visits
56
what is metronidazole useful for?
patient who have ANUG or HIV
57
inflammation in a muscle
myositis
58
scraping or cleaning the walls of a cavity or surface by means of a curette
curretage
59
enlargement
hypertrophy
60
patients rinsing for 30 seconds with an antiseptic mouth wash before ultra sonic scaling reduce recoverable colonizing bacterial units from aerosols by....
93%
rinsing with non antiseptic reduces by 33%
61
this antibiotic targets anaerobes and is used in combination with other antibiotics
metronidazole
62
this is a complex apparatus that has ana amazing adaptive capacity to function
masticatory system
63
puncture of joint space with a needle and removal of fluid
arthocentesis
64
what are the four symptoms commonly reported in patients with TMD?
pain and tenderness in the muscles of mastication
pain and tenderness in the TMJ
painful clicking of the joint during function
limitation of the mandibular motion
65
when does the junctional epithelium begin to reattach?
7 days
66
the etiology of TMD is
Multifacotiral
67
what are some considerations to remember with patients who have TMD?
short appts.
aids during treatment
home care suggestions
post op care
short and frequent recall appts
68
what are the muscle and facial disorders of the masticatory system?
myalgia, trismus, dyskenisa, and bruxism
69
what are the short term goals of calculus and biofilm removal
complete removal of deposits and clean surfaces
70
what are some treatment methods for TMDS?
home therapy
physical therapy
occlusal appliances
behavioral therapy
pharmacologic therapy
surgical therapy
irreversible treatments
71
what is a great threat to the survival of teeth when attachment loss and recession expose the roots of oral environment?
root caries
72
complete calculus removal with hand or powered instruments is a goal for the dental hygienist. calculus is the etiologic agent in perio disease.
the first statement is true, second is false
73
this is a state of morphofunctional disharmony in which forces developed during function cause pathologic changes in the tissues
dysfunction
74
this tool is good for cleaning proximal root surfaces..they provide improved access into the developmental grooves and furcations
interdental brushes
75
this technique is vibratory motions at a 45 degree angle to the long axis of the tooth
bass
76
all of the following are true regarding powered toothbrushes except one?
they are least effective as manual
they can be helpful for pt. with limited dexterity
they are essential in maintaining perio health
all are true
(they can be essential in maintaining perio health)
77
experimental evidence indicates that rough root surfaces are mechanical irritants. rough root surfaces delay healing
the first is true, second is false
78
what has been used in dentist for caries inhibiting effects?
stannous fluoride
79
what does the disorders of maxillomandibular growth include?
neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions
80
what are some common antibiotics used to treat perio?
tetracycline, doxycycline and occasionally penicillin
81
what are the three basic types of antibiotics that could be used in phase 1?
tetracyclines, metronidazole or penicillin
82
this antibiotic is useful for oral soft tissue infections resulting from gram negative bacilli and gram positive spore forming bacilli
metronidazole (flagyl, metrogel, prostat)
83
accidental and incomplete removal of the pocket lining during scaling and root planing or periodontal debridement procedures
inadvertent curretage
84
what are the types of actions associated with powered tooth brushes?
vibrating, oscillitating, rotary, counter rotary or sonic
85
instrumentation of the crown and root surfaces of the teeth to remove calculus, plaque, and stains from these surfaces
scaling
86
the goal of this is to remove cementum or dentin that may be impregnated with bacterial lipopolhsaccharides to create a glassy, hard surface
root planing
87
what types of mouth washes have been showed to reduce plaque and gingivitis by about 30 percent?
containing essential oils- thymil, eucalyptol, menthol, and methyl salicylate
88
this is considered to have little therapeutic value in the treatment of chronic periodontitis and is no longer listed as a treatment by the ADA and AAP
gingival curretage
89
the goals of plaque control program for the periodontal pt. include all of the following except one..
a. support for home care practices
b. maintenance of gingival and periodontal health
c. pt. education
d. manual flossing
(D. MANUAL FLOSSING)
90
what does the disorders of mandibular mobility include?
ankylosis, muscular fibrosis, internal derangement and adhesions of the joint
91
what are the goals of plaque biofilm control for the periodontal patient?
patient motivation
patient responsibility
management of a complex plaque control routine
caries control
maintenance of gingival and periodontal health
92
where can floss reach?
interproximal surfaces of the teeth, extending under the gingival margin where a tooth brush cannot reach
93
what are the characteristics of an ideal tooth brush?
straight, 6 inches long and 7/16 inches wide
three evenly spaced rows with six tufts each
80 nylon bristles per tiff, 0.007 inches in diameter, 13/32 inches long
rounded finish
94
what are lasers?
```
light
amplification by
stimulated
emission of
radiation
```
95
what are the types of toothbrushing techniques?
```
scrub
roll
charters
stillman
bass
powered
```
96
what are the diagnostic categories for TMD?
muscle and fascial disorders of masticatory system
disorder of tmj
disorder of mandibular mobility
disorder of maxillomamdibular growth
97
what is the name of the bacteria that has been associated with aggressive periodontitis?
actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
98
vibration or movement of a tooth when in function.. can be observed or felt by placing a finger over the tooth
fremitus
99
what are the steps of phase 2 therapy?
surgical access, sometimes inducing sustained anatomic alterations..
this phase is only performed if necessary..
100
what are the disorders of the tmj?
internal derangements that impair mechanical function of the TMJ, such as arthritis
101
what is the long term goals of plaque biofilm control
ensure adoption of adequate daily oral hygiene procedures and reinforcement
102
what is the causative agent of gingival and periodontal diseases?
dental plaque biofilm
103
daily flossing to tooth brushing regimen leads to...
reduction in inflammation, plaque biofilm and calculus deposits
104
an oral habit such as bruxism can result in all of the following except one?
a. change in microbiota
b. muscular hypertrophy
c. perio tissue injury
D. muscular pain and tenderness
A change in microbiota
105
spasm in the masticatory muscles associated with a disturbance in the trigeminal nerve
trismus
106
ultrasonic scaling devices generate vibrations in the range of?
20,000-50,000 cycles per second
107
this is made when normal occlusal forces exceed the capability of a periodontium that is already affected by periodontal disease
secondary traumatic occlusion
108
grating noise in the TMJ because of damage to the disk and articulating joint surfaces
crepitus
109
what are other terms used to describe non surgical periodontal therapy?
initial therapy
phase 1 therapy
etiotrophic phase
periodontal debridement
110
doxycycline is a form of what?
gel form placed with syringe and biodegrades..
| commercial agent: atridox
111
irrigation is a useful component of home care for the perio patient. bacteremia has been shown to be associated with oral irrigation
both are true
112
how is the handle of a tooth pick beneficial?
permits the top to slip into proximal spaces, furcation areas, subgingival root surfaces and developmental grooves to rub biofilm off
113
what is the long term goal of evaluation?
tissue health restored and compliance with maintenance regimen
114
in what order do bacteria repopulate?
streptococcus and actinonacollus
veillonella, bacteroides, porphyromonas, prevotella and fusibacterium
115
what kind of properties should chemical antiplaque agents include?
antiplaque action, substantivity low toxicity, and low permeability
116
what are the desensitizing agents found in toothpastes?
potassium nitrate, potassium citrate, and strontium chloride
117
what are some examples of interproximal cleaning aids?
dental floss
interdental brushes
tuft floss
118
the normal jaw should achieve an opening distance of at least 40 mm. any finding less than 40 mm should be considered a symptom of TMD and referred for treatment
the first statement is true and second is false
119
sonic scalers generate vibration range of?
3,000-8,000
120
this has ben helpful for treating bacteroides infections
augmentin (amoxiliccin and clavulnic acid)
121
what is the usually strength for daily home use of stannous fluoride?
0.4 percent
122
chlorhexadine comes in what form?
disk form, placed with instrument and biodegrades.. commercial agent: periochip
123
this technique requires placement of the bristles to point apically but not at a 90 degree angle..
stillman
124
mandibular movement away from the midline; the laterostrusive side moves away from the midline in function
laterotrusion
125
this technique has the greatest cleaning potential at the gingival margin of the teeth?
bass
126
what can oral habits lead to?
tooth damage, muscular hypertrophy, muscular pain, and tenderness and periodontal tissue injury
127
an occlusion that is free of disease and dysfunction and has adapted to some physiologic changes
physiologic occlusion
128
the most frequently recommended approach for the treatment of TMDS is physical medicine therapy because i is conservative and reversible
both statement and reason are correct and related
129
what happens in phase 3 therapy?
final restorations are fabricated
130
this is when heavy occlusal forces exceed the adaptive range in a normal periodontium
primary traumatic occlusion
131
why is the bass technique widely taught?
it provides mechanical plaque biofilm removal at the gingival margin and minimizes gingival trauma
132
describe difference of scaling and root planning..
scaling is removing calculus present on tooth structure.. root planning is only on root surfaces to remove rough cementum
133
what are the eight aspects of the assessment of clinical jaw function and occlusion
```
muscle palpitation
mandibular movement
joint function
joint sounds
intercuspal position
protrusive, lateral and medial excursive movements
tooth mobility and wear
radiographic evaulation
```
134
state of morphofunctional harmony in which the forces developed during function are within adaptive range
orthofunction
135
what is the role of the dental hygienist?
to recognize signs and symptoms of pain and dysfunction
to record the parameters of these signs and symptoms
and refer the patient for diagnosis and treatment
136
what are some features powered tooth brushes include that can support patient home care?
timers and alerts that assist the patient in brushing long enough in each area of the mouth
137
mandible movement from side to side and forward; movement away from the intercuspal position
excursive movement
138
the goal of periodontal instrumentation is to return the periodontium to a state of health. periodontal health is achieved through surgical therapy techniques.
the first statement is true, the second is false
139
what is the short term goal of plaque biofilm control?
provide techniques and instruction and reinforcement
140
what is the mechanism of action of quaternary ammonium compounds?
the ability to increase bacterial cell wall permeability, decrease cell metabolism and reduce attachment to tooth surfaces
141
how should the hygienist recommend the use of chlorhexidine?
full strength (0.12 percent), twice daily for seconds using 15 ML of rinse
142
what should a patient be able to achieve when opening?
minimum of 40 mm
143
the mandible in the end point of the terminal hinge closure..called centric relation position
retruded contact position
144
what are some questions you should ask when doing an TMD screening?
do you have trouble opening your mouth?
do you hear noises in your jaw joints?
does your jaw stick lock or go out?
do you have pain when you chew or yawn?
does your bite feel uncomfortable or unusal?
have you ever had an injury to your head and neck?
do you have arthritis?
do you have problems chewing, talking or usuing your jaw?
do you clench or grind your teeth?
have you ever been treated for TMJ problem?
145
a deviation of the mandible to the right on opening would suggest that the patient may have
restriction of right condyle
146
which of the following oral hygiene aids are best suited to areas of furcation involvement?
dental floss
powered tooth brushes
manual tooth brush
toothpicks
(tooth picks)
147
this technique requires placement of the brush at a 45 degree angle to the tooth surface with the bristle ends pointing away from the gingiva but toward the interproximal faces of the teeth
charters
148
what are the three words that summarize the role of the dental hygienist in occlusion and TMD
recognize
record
refer
149
what are the procedures of nonsurgical periodontal therapy?
scaling
root planning
gingival curettage
polishing
