Exam 2 Flashcards
Euglena
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
-2/3 heterotrophic, 1/3 chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids
-paramylon
-1-2 extend appically
-none; proteinacous pellicle
-mostly freshwater
-light sensitive eyespot; plastids have pyrenoid
Cryptophyta
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
-none in some, cholorphylls a and c, phycobilins, carotenoids
-starch
-2 unequal, subapical, hairy
-protein plates inside plasma membrane
-cold water, marine and freshwater
-polyunsaturated fatty acids
Haptophyta
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
-chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids (fucoxanthin)
-chrysmolaminarin
-none or 2
-scales of cellulose, calified scales (coccoliths)
-diverse, typically warm water
-haptenonema (sensroy, traps food)
Dinoflagellata (example)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
Ceratium, Nociluca scintillans, Dinoflagellates
-chloropylls a and c, carotenoids
-starch
-none or 2 (lateral, tinsel)
-theca (cellulose plates), zooxanthallae (symbiotic w corals)
-mostly marine
-may produce toxins (red tide), bioluminescent
Bacillariophyta (example)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
Diatoms
-none or some (absorb dissolved carbon), chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids (fucoxanthin)
-crysolaminarin
-none or 1
-cell wall 95% silica oxide, forms frustules
-freshwater and marine
-pinnate or centric
Chrysophyta
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
-none in some, chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids (fucoxanthin)
-crysolaminarin
-none or 2
-some no cell walls, some silica plates with pectin
-marine and freshwater
-stramenopile
Xanthophyta
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
-chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids
-oil
-none or 2
-cellulose, silica
-freshwater
-stramenopile
Phaeophyta (common name)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
Brown Algae
-chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids (fucoxanthin)
-laminarin and manatol
-2 in reproductive cells
-cellulose and algin
-marine cool and cold
-stramenopile, holdfasts, stipes, blades, swim bladders
Rhodophyta (red algae)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
Red Algae
-chlorophyll a, phycobilins and carotenoids
-floridean starch
-none
-cellulose and pectin, galactan, calcium carbonate
-marine
-can be in deep water
Chlorophyta (common name)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features
Green Algae
-chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids
-starch
-none or 2
-glycoproteins, cellulose, polysaccharides
-freshwater or marine
-phycoplast and phragmoplast, ancestors of all land plants
Spores undergo
Meiosis
Gametes undergo
Mitosis
Marchantiophyta (common name)
Liverworts
Antheridiophore
Produces sperm; Marchantiophyta
Archegoniophore
Holds eggs; Marchantiophyta
Antheridia
Contains spermatogenous tissue; Marchantiophyta
Archegonia
Female reproductive system; Marchantiophyta
Venter
Houses unfertilized eggs; Marchantiophyta
Neck canal
Long cells leading into where the egg is held; Marchantiophyta
Calyptra
Houses fertilized zygote; Marchantiophyta
Capsule
Fertilized zygote growing within calpytra; Marchantiophyta
Seta
Attaches capsule to foot; Marchantiophyta
Foot
Attaches seta to placenta; Marchantiophyta
Placenta
Food source for capsule; attaches foot to archegonium
Elaters
Helps disperse spores; Marchantiophyta
Thallus
Plant body not differentiated into stem; Marchantiophyta
Bryophyta
Mosses
The bryophyte life cycle is best described as ?
Gametophyte dominant
Protonema
Worm shaped-structure; Spores germinate into first strands of gametophyte; Bryophyta
What is required in the Bryophyte life cycle for fertilization to occur?
Water; carries sperm to egg
Spagnidae: common name and Division
Peat Moss; Bryophyta
Bryidae: common name and Division
True Moss; Bryophyta
Andreaidae: common name and Division
Granite Moss; Bryophyta
Anthocerophyta
Hornworts
The anthocerophyta life cycle is best described as ?
Sporophyte dominant
Adaptations of land plants for success on land
-sterile jacket
-zygote stays withing archegonium until embryo
-sporic meiosis
-meiospores with spropollinin to resist decay
-tissues produced by apical meristems
Adaptations of vascular plants for success on land
-spore development in protective walls
-cutin prevents desiccation
-VASCULAR TISSUE
-roots for anchoring and absorption
-leaves as photosynthetic orhgans
-reduced gametophyte generation
-expansion of sporophyte generation
-seeds protect embryonic sporophyte
Protostele
Solid mass of vascular tissue in the middle of ground tissue
Siphonostele
Hollow mass of vascular tissue; xylem towards centre of vascular tissue, phloem towards outside of vascular tissue
Dictyostele
Broken hollow mass of vascualr tissue; xylem towards centre of stele, phloem towards outside of stele
Eustele
Segments of vascular tissue; xylem within phloem
Homosporous
One type of spore
Heterosporous
Produce to different types of spores
Megasporangia
Female
Microsporangia
Male
Eusporangia
Each sporangium develop superficial cells, sporogenous cells produce a tetrad of spores
Leptosporangia
Create sporangia differently
Lycophyta
Club Moss
Lycophyta
-stele
-sporophyte
-microphylls
-type of spore
-protostele
-sporophyte is branching rhizome
-microphylls above ground
-homosporous
Stobilus
Contain sporophylls
Selaginellacea
Spike Moss
Selaginellacea
-type of spore
-stele
-heterosporous
-protostele
Phylum Monilophyta
Ferns and Horsetails
Eusporangiate or Leptosporangiate
Class Psilotopsida
Phylum Monilophyta
-eusporangiate
-Psilotum: whisk fern
-Tmesipteris: epiphyte on tree
Class Equisitophyta
Horsetails
Phylum Monilophyta
-eusporangiate
-strobili in whorls
-stems have silica oxide
Class Polypodiopsida
Ferns
Phylum Monilophyta
-leptosporangiate
-homosporous
-siphonostele rhizome underground
-leaves = fronds
