Exam 2 Flashcards by Zoë Adam

Euglena
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

-2/3 heterotrophic, 1/3 chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids
-paramylon
-1-2 extend appically
-none; proteinacous pellicle
-mostly freshwater
-light sensitive eyespot; plastids have pyrenoid

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Cryptophyta
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

-none in some, cholorphylls a and c, phycobilins, carotenoids
-starch
-2 unequal, subapical, hairy
-protein plates inside plasma membrane
-cold water, marine and freshwater
-polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Haptophyta
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

-chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids (fucoxanthin)
-chrysmolaminarin
-none or 2
-scales of cellulose, calified scales (coccoliths)
-diverse, typically warm water
-haptenonema (sensroy, traps food)

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Dinoflagellata (example)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

Ceratium, Nociluca scintillans, Dinoflagellates
-chloropylls a and c, carotenoids
-starch
-none or 2 (lateral, tinsel)
-theca (cellulose plates), zooxanthallae (symbiotic w corals)
-mostly marine
-may produce toxins (red tide), bioluminescent

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Bacillariophyta (example)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

Diatoms
-none or some (absorb dissolved carbon), chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids (fucoxanthin)
-crysolaminarin
-none or 1
-cell wall 95% silica oxide, forms frustules
-freshwater and marine
-pinnate or centric

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Chrysophyta
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

-none in some, chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids (fucoxanthin)
-crysolaminarin
-none or 2
-some no cell walls, some silica plates with pectin
-marine and freshwater
-stramenopile

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Xanthophyta
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

-chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids
-oil
-none or 2
-cellulose, silica
-freshwater
-stramenopile

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Phaeophyta (common name)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

Brown Algae
-chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids (fucoxanthin)
-laminarin and manatol
-2 in reproductive cells
-cellulose and algin
-marine cool and cold
-stramenopile, holdfasts, stipes, blades, swim bladders

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Rhodophyta (red algae)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

Red Algae
-chlorophyll a, phycobilins and carotenoids
-floridean starch
-none
-cellulose and pectin, galactan, calcium carbonate
-marine
-can be in deep water

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Chlorophyta (common name)
-photosynthetic pigments
-carbohydrate storage
-# flagella
-cell wall components
-habitat
-special features

Green Algae
-chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids
-starch
-none or 2
-glycoproteins, cellulose, polysaccharides
-freshwater or marine
-phycoplast and phragmoplast, ancestors of all land plants

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Spores undergo

Meiosis

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Gametes undergo

Mitosis

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Marchantiophyta (common name)

Liverworts

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Antheridiophore

Produces sperm; Marchantiophyta

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Archegoniophore

Holds eggs; Marchantiophyta

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Antheridia

Contains spermatogenous tissue; Marchantiophyta

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Archegonia

Female reproductive system; Marchantiophyta

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Venter

Houses unfertilized eggs; Marchantiophyta

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Neck canal

Long cells leading into where the egg is held; Marchantiophyta

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Calyptra

Houses fertilized zygote; Marchantiophyta

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Capsule

Fertilized zygote growing within calpytra; Marchantiophyta

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Seta

Attaches capsule to foot; Marchantiophyta

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Foot

Attaches seta to placenta; Marchantiophyta

Placenta

Food source for capsule; attaches foot to archegonium

Elaters

Helps disperse spores; Marchantiophyta

Thallus

Plant body not differentiated into stem; Marchantiophyta

Bryophyta

Mosses

The bryophyte life cycle is best described as ?

Gametophyte dominant

Protonema

Worm shaped-structure; Spores germinate into first strands of gametophyte; Bryophyta

What is required in the Bryophyte life cycle for fertilization to occur?

Water; carries sperm to egg

Spagnidae: common name and Division

Peat Moss; Bryophyta

Bryidae: common name and Division

True Moss; Bryophyta

Andreaidae: common name and Division

Granite Moss; Bryophyta

Anthocerophyta

Hornworts

The anthocerophyta life cycle is best described as ?

Sporophyte dominant

Adaptations of land plants for success on land

-sterile jacket -zygote stays withing archegonium until embryo -sporic meiosis -meiospores with spropollinin to resist decay -tissues produced by apical meristems

Adaptations of vascular plants for success on land

-spore development in protective walls -cutin prevents desiccation -VASCULAR TISSUE -roots for anchoring and absorption -leaves as photosynthetic orhgans -reduced gametophyte generation -expansion of sporophyte generation -seeds protect embryonic sporophyte

Protostele

Solid mass of vascular tissue in the middle of ground tissue

Siphonostele

Hollow mass of vascular tissue; xylem towards centre of vascular tissue, phloem towards outside of vascular tissue

Dictyostele

Broken hollow mass of vascualr tissue; xylem towards centre of stele, phloem towards outside of stele

Eustele

Segments of vascular tissue; xylem within phloem

Homosporous

One type of spore

Heterosporous

Produce to different types of spores

Megasporangia

Female

Microsporangia

Male

Eusporangia

Each sporangium develop superficial cells, sporogenous cells produce a tetrad of spores

Leptosporangia

Create sporangia differently

Lycophyta

Club Moss

Lycophyta -stele -sporophyte -microphylls -type of spore

-protostele -sporophyte is branching rhizome -microphylls above ground -homosporous

Stobilus

Contain sporophylls

Selaginellacea

Spike Moss

Selaginellacea -type of spore -stele

-heterosporous -protostele

Phylum Monilophyta

Ferns and Horsetails Eusporangiate or Leptosporangiate

Class Psilotopsida

Phylum Monilophyta -eusporangiate -Psilotum: whisk fern -Tmesipteris: epiphyte on tree

Class Equisitophyta

Horsetails Phylum Monilophyta -eusporangiate -strobili in whorls -stems have silica oxide

Class Polypodiopsida

Ferns Phylum Monilophyta -leptosporangiate -homosporous -siphonostele rhizome underground -leaves = fronds