Chapter 3: Plant Cells

Question 1

Chloroplasts

Answer 1

organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis

Question 2

Stroma

Answer 2

enzymes for light independent reactions of photosynthesis

Question 3

Which organelle are stroma found in?

Answer 3

chloroplasts

Question 4

Grana

Answer 4

stacks of thylakoid membrane
membrane embedded with cholrophyll, proteins, and other photosynthetic pigments

Question 5

Which organelle are grana found in?

Answer 5

chloroplasts

Question 6

Oil bodies

Answer 6

store oils in chloroplasts

Question 7

Starch droplets

Answer 7

store starch in chloroplasts

Question 8

circular DNA (cpDNA)

Answer 8

resemble bacterial DNA in chloroplasts

Question 9

Which organelle are ribosomes found in?

Answer 9

chloroplasts

Question 10

Where are chloroplasts located?

Answer 10

mesophyll (middle) of green leaves

Question 11

Chromoplasts

Answer 11

pigments other than chlorophyll
colours in fruits and flowers

Question 12

Leukoplasts

Answer 12

lack colour
common in epidermal/storage tissues

Question 13

Amyloplasts

Answer 13

Leukoplast
synthesizes starches

Question 14

Etioplasta

Answer 14

dark chloroplasts
convert to chloropalsts when exposed to light

Question 15

Vacuoles

Answer 15

membrane bound organelles that store water, food, waste, and other materials

Question 16

Tonoplasts

Answer 16

membrane surrounding cells

Question 17

Which organelle are tonoplasts found in?

Answer 17

vacuoles

Question 18

Cell sap

Answer 18

composition of water, inorganic ions, sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and pigments

Question 19

Cell sap of the vacuole has what property?

Answer 19

hypertonicity

Question 20

Hypertonicity

Answer 20

inside of the cell compared to the outside has a higher solute concentration

Question 21

What is the function of hypertonicity?

Answer 21

increases Turgor pressure to maintain plant structure; “solutes suck”

Question 22

What are the three components of the cell wall?

Answer 22

-middle lamellae
-primary cell wall
-secondary cell wall

Question 23

Which component of the cell wall is laid down first?

Answer 23

Middle lamellae

Question 24

What is the function of the middle lamellae?

Answer 24

-connects cell walls to cell walls
-extensible/expandable

Question 25

What is the middle lamellae made of?

Answer 25

pectins

Question 26

Primary cell wall

Answer 26

innermost wall

Question 27

What is the composition of the primary cell wall?

Answer 27

cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, glycoproteins

Question 28

Primary pit fields

Answer 28

thinner portions of cell wall with no secondary wall on top

Question 29

Plasmodesmata

Answer 29

openings between adjacent cells, allowing for cytoplasmic continuity

Question 30

Desmotubules

Answer 30

strands of ER stuck through plasmodesmata allows for cytoplasmic continuity

Question 31

Pit membrane

Answer 31

contains primary cell wall and middle lamellae

Question 32

Simple pit pair

Answer 32

secondary cell wall does not overhang put membrane

Question 33

Bordered pit pair

Answer 33

secondary cell wall overhangs pit membrane

Question 34

What is the composition of the secondary cell wall?

Answer 34

cellulose, hemicellulose little to know pectin or glycoproteins

Question 35

Describe the makeup of the secondary cell wall.

Answer 35

Three different layers laid in different orientations to increase strength

Question 36

Is secondary cell wall present over pit fields?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

What component may be found in the secondary cell wall?

Answer 37

Waxes

Question 38

What is a phragmoplast?

Answer 38

collection of microtubules that guide vesicles from the Golgi

Question 39

When does the phragmoplast form?

Answer 39

early telophase

Question 40

What is the function of a phragmoplast?

Answer 40

directs cell wall components to form cell plate proteins