Chapter 2

Question 1

Glyceraldehyde

Answer 1

Monosaccharide Carbohydrate

Question 2

Ribose

Answer 2

Monosaccharide Carbohydrate

Question 3

Glucose

Answer 3

Monosaccharide Carbohydrate

Question 4

Sucrose

Answer 4

Disaccharide Carbohydrate
most common form of transport sugar in plants

Question 5

Starches

Answer 5

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate
energy storage

Question 6

Fructans

Answer 6

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate
water soluble
high concentration

Question 7

Cellulose

Answer 7

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate
plant cell wall
beta-glucose subunits
insoluble by plants

Question 8

What is the most abundant organic compound in plants?

Answer 8

Cellulose

Question 9

Hemicellulose

Answer 9

forms H-bonds to stabilize cell wall

Question 10

Pectins

Answer 10

makes up middle lamella
abundant in fruits (apple)

Question 11

Chitin

Answer 11

major component of fungal cell wall
N-acetylglucosamine monomers

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

Non-polar
Hydrophobic

Question 13

Triglycerides

Answer 13

Lipids
energy storage

Question 14

Phospholipids

Answer 14

Lipids
cell membrane

Question 15

Cutin, Suberin, Waxes

Answer 15

Lipids
cell walls
reduces water loss

Question 16

Sterols

Answer 16

Lipids
stabilize membrane
hormones

Question 17

Proteins

Answer 17

heavily relies on nitrogen

Question 18

Polypeptides

Answer 18

polymers of amino acids

Question 19

Enzymes

Answer 19

Proteins
catalyze reactions

Question 20

Receptors

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 21

Nucleic Acids

Answer 21

nucleotide monomers

Question 22

DNA

Answer 22

Nucleic Acid
double stranded hereditary material

Question 23

Linear chromosomes

Answer 23

DNA; nucleus

Question 24

Circular chromosomes

Answer 24

DNA; chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 25

RNA

Answer 25

Nucleic Acid single stranded variety of forms

Question 26

ATP, GTP, etc.

Answer 26

Nucleic Acid cellular energy

Question 27

Primary metabolites

Answer 27

molecules found in all plant cells that are necessary for life

Question 28

Secondary metabolites

Answer 28

molecules found only in some plants/plant parts or at some stage in development

Question 29

Three classes of secondary metabolites

Answer 29

Alkaloids Terpenoids Phenolics

Question 30

Alkaloids

Answer 30

N-rings secondary metabolite

Question 31

Morphine

Answer 31

alkaloid pain killer

Question 32

Cocaine

Answer 32

alkaloid anesthetic

Question 33

Caffeine

Answer 33

alkaloid stimulant allelopathic

Question 34

Nicotine

Answer 34

alkaloid stimulant

Question 35

Atropine

Answer 35

alkaloid cardiac stimulant pupil dilator

Question 36

Terpenoids

Answer 36

Isoprene (C5H8)

Question 37

Essential Oils

Answer 37

terpenoids

Question 38

Taxol

Answer 38

terpenoids anti-cancer treatment

Question 39

Rubber

Answer 39

terpenoids

Question 40

Cardiac glycosides

Answer 40

terpenoids found in monarch butterflies

Question 41

Pigments, hormones, electron transport

Answer 41

terpenoids

Question 42

Phenolics

Answer 42

hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring

Question 43

Flavonoids

Answer 43

phenolics water soluble pigments in vacuoles

Question 44

Anthocyanin

Answer 44

flavonoids - phenolics red, blue, purple colour

Question 45

Flavones and Flavonols

Answer 45

flavonoids - phenolics combines with anthocyanins or metals to produce colours

Question 46

Tannins

Answer 46

phenolics used to tan leather

Question 47

Lignins

Answer 47

phenolics cell wall component adds strength + waterproof

Question 48

Salicylic acid

Answer 48

phenolics analgesic properties