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Chapter 2 Flashcards

Molecular Composition

1
Q

Glyceraldehyde

A

Monosaccharide Carbohydrate

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2
Q

Ribose

A

Monosaccharide Carbohydrate

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3
Q

Glucose

A

Monosaccharide Carbohydrate

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4
Q

Sucrose

A

Disaccharide Carbohydrate
most common form of transport sugar in plants

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5
Q

Starches

A

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate
energy storage

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6
Q

Fructans

A

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate
water soluble
high concentration

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7
Q

Cellulose

A

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate
plant cell wall
beta-glucose subunits
insoluble by plants

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8
Q

What is the most abundant organic compound in plants?

A

Cellulose

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9
Q

Hemicellulose

A

forms H-bonds to stabilize cell wall

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10
Q

Pectins

A

makes up middle lamella
abundant in fruits (apple)

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11
Q

Chitin

A

major component of fungal cell wall
N-acetylglucosamine monomers

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12
Q

Lipids

A

Non-polar
Hydrophobic

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13
Q

Triglycerides

A

Lipids
energy storage

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14
Q

Phospholipids

A

Lipids
cell membrane

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15
Q

Cutin, Suberin, Waxes

A

Lipids
cell walls
reduces water loss

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16
Q

Sterols

A

Lipids
stabilize membrane
hormones

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17
Q

Proteins

A

heavily relies on nitrogen

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18
Q

Polypeptides

A

polymers of amino acids

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19
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins
catalyze reactions

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20
Q

Receptors

21
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

nucleotide monomers

22
Q

DNA

A

Nucleic Acid
double stranded hereditary material

23
Q

Linear chromosomes

A

DNA; nucleus

24
Q

Circular chromosomes

A

DNA; chloroplasts and mitochondria

25
Q

RNA

A

Nucleic Acid
single stranded
variety of forms

26
Q

ATP, GTP, etc.

A

Nucleic Acid
cellular energy

27
Q

Primary metabolites

A

molecules found in all plant cells that are necessary for life

28
Q

Secondary metabolites

A

molecules found only in some plants/plant parts or at some stage in development

29
Q

Three classes of secondary metabolites

A

Alkaloids
Terpenoids
Phenolics

30
Q

Alkaloids

A

N-rings
secondary metabolite

31
Q

Morphine

A

alkaloid
pain killer

32
Q

Cocaine

A

alkaloid
anesthetic

33
Q

Caffeine

A

alkaloid
stimulant
allelopathic

34
Q

Nicotine

A

alkaloid
stimulant

35
Q

Atropine

A

alkaloid
cardiac stimulant
pupil dilator

36
Q

Terpenoids

A

Isoprene (C5H8)

37
Q

Essential Oils

A

terpenoids

38
Q

Taxol

A

terpenoids
anti-cancer treatment

39
Q

Rubber

A

terpenoids

40
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A

terpenoids
found in monarch butterflies

41
Q

Pigments, hormones, electron transport

A

terpenoids

42
Q

Phenolics

A

hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring

43
Q

Flavonoids

A

phenolics
water soluble pigments in vacuoles

44
Q

Anthocyanin

A

flavonoids - phenolics
red, blue, purple colour

45
Q

Flavones and Flavonols

A

flavonoids - phenolics
combines with anthocyanins or metals to produce colours

46
Q

Tannins

A

phenolics
used to tan leather

47
Q

Lignins

A

phenolics
cell wall component adds strength + waterproof

48
Q

Salicylic acid

A

phenolics
analgesic properties

Botany (9 decks)

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