Exam #2 Flashcards
Based on the concordance data below, the idea that hear attack has a genetic component is most strongly supported in which sex?
Monozygotic Dizygotic
Male: 39 26
Femal: 44 14
female
True or False:
Bacterial conjugation is an example of a true sexual process
False
Suppose two E. coli cells conjugate: one Hfr and one F- cell. After conjugation their phenotypes will mostly likely be what?
Hfr and F-
Which of the domains of life are prokaryote?
- Bacteria
- Archaea
Which form of heritability can be calculated by growing/raising genetically identical populations?
broad-sense heritability
Regression relates to two characteristics in a paired fashion. One measure usually calculated is the regression coefficient. What is it actually a measure of?
the slope of the regression line
How is the variance of a data set related to the standard deviation (s)?
variance = s^2
Correlation measures how strongly the values of two different quantitative characteristics relate to each other. Both characteristics must be measured for each individual: the data is paired. Which of the following corresponds to a value for correlation where the correspondence is perfect, meaning the two characteristics are completely proportional to each other?
1
For many characteristics, the phenotypes of individuals in a population fall on a range without clear divisions. They are said to be quantitative or continuous. Why are they called quantitative?
- traits can be measured and expressed numerically
- does not fall into district categories
The following is a list of methods that can lead to the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another. Which one can potentially occur between very different species that are evolutionarily very distant from each other?
a. tansduction
b. transformation
c. conjugation with normal F+
d. conjugation with normal F’
e. conjugation with Hfr
Which type of genomic mapping method is the recombination useful for?
a. large-scale (all or mose of genome)
b. small-scall (just two or so genes at a time)
Briefly define this process. What happens when it occurs?
- b.
- b.
Transformation:
- enhancement of environmental conditions
- require crossing over
- perform horizontal gene transfer from species to species
What information, when analyzing a pedigree, indicates that the inheritance is recessive autosomal
- trait skips generations
- 2 unaffected parents produce an affected child
- fewer affected individuals
The study of chromosome deletions in Drosophila melanogaster was critical in the mapping of its genome. The strains that were used were heterozygous for the deletion (for the chromosome, they had one copy with and one without the deletion). Why is it not possible for flies to be homozygous for the deletion?
flies have very limited genes, deleting a whole set would delete more loci, and most likely harming or killing them
Three loci are known to be in the order a-b-c. The pairwise distance, in cM, are: a-b 10, b-c 10, a-c 18. Why is the a-c distance less than the same of the a-b and b-c distance? What factor is at work, and how does it reduce the a-c distance?
- the genetic map distance between two loci is calculated by the recombination frequency between them
- double crossovers can occur between two loci
- masking the recombination events
- leading to an underestimation of the map distance
When mapping an E. coli chromosome, the map should be circular or linear?
circular
V(GE) is a component of phynotypic variance V(P). What does the symbol V(GE) stand for and what does this mean?
- genetic/environmental variance
- represents the portion of phenotypic variance in a population that arises from the interaction between and individual’s genes and the environment
