Exam 2

Question 1

How do toddlers develop vocabulary?

Answer 1

most children show a steady rate of word learning continually through preschool years

Question 2

What is an example of UNDEREXTENSION?

Answer 2

baby using the word “close” to refer to closing a book, turning off lights, and tying shoes

Question 3

The transition from observing to turn-taking in the game of peek-a-boo helps babies learn…

Answer 3

the turn-taking nature of human conversation

Question 4

Research indicates that make-believe play…

Answer 4

is a major way that children extend their cognitive and social skills

Question 5

When 4-month-old Michaela groups stimuli based on shape and size, she shows her ability to

Answer 5

categorize

Question 6

Habituation Research…

Answer 6

indicates that infants learn and retain information just by watching objects and events

Question 7

Parkers inability to find a pacifier hidden under a cup after continually finding it hidden behind a pillow is a testament to the fact that…

Answer 7

infants are not able to make accurate A-B searches

Question 8

Accommodation

Answer 8

creating new/adjusting old schemas to better capture the environment

Question 9

In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage…

Answer 9

Infants “think” with their eyes, ears, hands, and other sensorimotor equipment

Question 10

Goodness of Fit

Answer 10

a concept that involves creating a child-rearing environment that recognizes each child’s temperament while simultaneously encouraging adaptive functioning

Question 11

Temperament

Answer 11

early appearing, stable differences in reactivity and self-regulation

Question 12

Baby Dak quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily. This would be classified by Thomas and Chess as a baby with an…

Answer 12

easy temperament

Question 13

Self-Conscious Emotions

Answer 13

shame, embarrassment, guilt

Question 14

Louisa cries and struggles when getting picked up by someone unfamiliar. She is exhibiting…

Answer 14

stranger anxiety

Question 15

Basic emotions are…

Answer 15

universal in all humans

Question 16

True or False- babies fed with formula are more likely to be obese as adults

Answer 16

true

Question 17

True or False- infants/toddlers who participate in screen media usage directly transfer learning to real-world application

Answer 17

false

Question 18

What practices help promote learning and cognitive development related to media use?

Answer 18

educational media and verbal interaction with caregivers while watching

Question 19

Secure Attachment

Answer 19

attachment in which the parents are seen as a secure base and the child seeks contact with the parents when they return

Question 20

Avoidant Attachment

Answer 20

attachment in which the child is seemingly unresponsive to parents and is slow to greet parents when they return

Question 21

Resistant Attachment

Answer 21

attachment in which the child seeks closeness to parents but acts distressed/angry when parents return

Question 22

Disorganized Attachment

Answer 22

attachment which reflects the greatest insecurity and in which the child often shows confused, contradictory behavior when the parents return

Question 23

Assimilation

Answer 23

using current schemas to interpret environment

Question 24

Adaptation

Answer 24

building schemas through direct interaction with environment

Question 25

Accomodation

Answer 25

creating new/adjusting old schemas to better capture the environment

Question 26

Schema

Answer 26

mental view/ world view

Question 27

Benefits of breastfeeding for the child

Answer 27

antibodies are passed from the mother to the baby to help protect against sickness, nutrients from the milk are better digested by the baby compared to formula, and the baby is less likely to be obese as an adult

Question 28

Environmental factors that promote cognitive development

Answer 28

toddler-led learning, positive caregiver interactions, and a stimulating home environment that the baby can engage with