Exam 2 Flashcards
How do toddlers develop vocabulary?
most children show a steady rate of word learning continually through preschool years
What is an example of UNDEREXTENSION?
baby using the word “close” to refer to closing a book, turning off lights, and tying shoes
The transition from observing to turn-taking in the game of peek-a-boo helps babies learn…
the turn-taking nature of human conversation
Research indicates that make-believe play…
is a major way that children extend their cognitive and social skills
When 4-month-old Michaela groups stimuli based on shape and size, she shows her ability to
categorize
Habituation Research…
indicates that infants learn and retain information just by watching objects and events
Parkers inability to find a pacifier hidden under a cup after continually finding it hidden behind a pillow is a testament to the fact that…
infants are not able to make accurate A-B searches
Accommodation
creating new/adjusting old schemas to better capture the environment
In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage…
Infants “think” with their eyes, ears, hands, and other sensorimotor equipment
Goodness of Fit
a concept that involves creating a child-rearing environment that recognizes each child’s temperament while simultaneously encouraging adaptive functioning
Temperament
early appearing, stable differences in reactivity and self-regulation
Baby Dak quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily. This would be classified by Thomas and Chess as a baby with an…
easy temperament
Self-Conscious Emotions
shame, embarrassment, guilt
Louisa cries and struggles when getting picked up by someone unfamiliar. She is exhibiting…
stranger anxiety
Basic emotions are…
universal in all humans
True or False- babies fed with formula are more likely to be obese as adults
true
True or False- infants/toddlers who participate in screen media usage directly transfer learning to real-world application
false
What practices help promote learning and cognitive development related to media use?
educational media and verbal interaction with caregivers while watching
Secure Attachment
attachment in which the parents are seen as a secure base and the child seeks contact with the parents when they return
Avoidant Attachment
attachment in which the child is seemingly unresponsive to parents and is slow to greet parents when they return
Resistant Attachment
attachment in which the child seeks closeness to parents but acts distressed/angry when parents return
Disorganized Attachment
attachment which reflects the greatest insecurity and in which the child often shows confused, contradictory behavior when the parents return
Assimilation
using current schemas to interpret environment
Adaptation
building schemas through direct interaction with environment
Accomodation
creating new/adjusting old schemas to better capture the environment
Schema
mental view/ world view
Benefits of breastfeeding for the child
antibodies are passed from the mother to the baby to help protect against sickness, nutrients from the milk are better digested by the baby compared to formula, and the baby is less likely to be obese as an adult
Environmental factors that promote cognitive development
toddler-led learning, positive caregiver interactions, and a stimulating home environment that the baby can engage with
