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MAMS BCH > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Glycolysis location

A

Cytosol

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2
Q

Glycogenolysis location

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

Glycogen synthesis location

A

Cytosol

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4
Q

Citric acid cycle location

A

Inside inner membrane of mitochondrial matrix

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5
Q

ETC location

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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6
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation location

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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7
Q

Pentose phosphate pathway location

A

Cytosol

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8
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Mitochondria and cytosol

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9
Q

FA oxidation location

A

Mitochondria and cytosol

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10
Q

Enzyme for Glucose –> Glucose-6-P

A

Hexokinase

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11
Q

Enzyme for G6P –> Fructose-6-P

A

Phosphoglucose isomerase

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12
Q

Bis vs Di

A

Bis is Phosphate on two different carbons, while bi is on the same carbon

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13
Q

What is an inositol?

A

6 carbon ring with 6 OH groups

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14
Q

Enzyme for F6P –> Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate

A

Phosphofructokinase

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15
Q

Enzyme for Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate –> Dihydroxyacetone P or Glyceraldehyde-3-P and interconversion for DHP to G-3-P

A

Aldolase and Triose-P isomerase

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16
Q

Enzyme for G-3-P –> 1,3-BPG

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase

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17
Q

Enzyme for 1,3-BPG –> 3-P-Glycerate

A

Phosphoglycerate kinase

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18
Q

Enzyme for 3-P-Glycerate –> 2-P-Glycerate

A

P-Glycerate mutase

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19
Q

Enzyme for 2-P-Glycerate –> Phosphoenolpyrvuate

A

Enolase

20
Q

Enzyme for Phosphoenolpyruvate –> Pyruvate

A

Pyruvate Kinase

21
Q

Which enzymes in glycolysis are capable of interconversion and which reactions do they catalyze?

A

Phsophoglucose isomerase
Triose-P-Isomerase
Phosphoglycerate mutase
Enolase

22
Q

Which enzymes use ATP to catalyze their reaction?

A

Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase

23
Q

Which enzymes use ADP to catalyze their reaction?

A

Phosphoglycerate kinase

24
Q

Which enzymes convert NAD+Pi to NADH in their reaction

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase

25
Q

Overall reaction of glycolysis with O2

A

Glucose –> 2 Pyruvate and 2 ATP

26
Q

Overall reaction of glycolysis without O2

A

Glucose –> 2 Lactate

27
Q

Overall reaction of Glycogenolysis

A

Glycogen(n) + Pi –> G-1-P + glycogen(n-1)

28
Q

Overall reaction of Glycogen synthesis

A

Glycogen(n)+G-1-P+UTP –> Glycogen(n+1)+UDP+PPi

29
Q

Overall reaction of citric acid cycle

A

Acetly-CoA –> 2CO2+8H+8e-

30
Q

Overall reaction of ETC

A

8H+8e-+2O2 –> 4H2O+Energy

31
Q

What are the 3 rate-limiting steps and their enzymes in glycolysis

A

1) Glucose –> G-6-P, Hexokinase
2) F-6-P –> F-1,6-Bis, Phosphofructokinase
3) Phosphoenolpyruvate –> Pyruvate, Pyruvate Kinase

32
Q

What is Iodoacetate and how does it function?

A

A non-specific inhibitor of G-3-P dehydrogenase, preventing oxidation of NAD

33
Q

How is NADH reoxidized back to NAD for use in Glycolysis?

A

In aerobic conditions:
- NADH -> shuttles -> ETC -> O2
In anaerobic conditions:
- NADH+pyruvate -> NAD+lactate (via lactate dehydrogenase)

34
Q

Fate of pyruvate

A

Anaerobic conditions:
- Pyruvate+NADH -> lactate+NAD
- via Lactate dehydrogenase
Aerobic conditions:
- Pyruvate -> Acetyl-CoA -> TCA or FAs
- via pyruvate dehydrogenase

35
Q

Fate of pyruvate in yeast

A

Pyruvate -> acetaldehyde
acetaldehyde -> EtOH
- via EtOH dehydrogenase and oxidation of NADH to NAD

36
Q

Why does Glucokinase have a high Km?

A

Acts as glucose sensor. In liver, ensures that it only functions when hepatocyte glucose is elevated (meal). Also regulates insulin release from pancreatic ß-cells

37
Q

Which reactions in glycolysis consume ATP?

A

Glucose to G6P
F6P to F6BisP

38
Q

Why is anaerobic glycolysis important?

A

Allows for the production of ATP in cells that lack mitochondria (RBC and parts of eye) or cells in hypoxia

39
Q

2 ways Glucose is transported into the cell

A

1) Facilitate diffusion
2) Countertransport with Na+

40
Q

What type of transporters are used in facilitated diffusion of glucose?

A

Tissue-specific GLUT1-14 uniporters

41
Q

What type of transporters are used in counter transport of glucose and what creates the gradient?

A
  • SGLT transporters found in the intestinal epithelium
  • Na+ gradient out of the cell created by Na+/K+ ATPase
42
Q

GLUT for liver

A

GLUT-2

43
Q

GLUT for brain

A

GLUT-1

44
Q

GLUT for muscle and adipose tissue

A

GLUT-4, requires insulin

45
Q

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase: function and importance?

A

MAMS BCH (20 decks)

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