Crunchtime

Question 1

How is PFK-1 activated?

Answer 1

non-covalent allosteric activation by AMP, ADP and F-2,6-BP (important in liver)

Question 1

How is PFK-1 inhibited?

Answer 1

Elevated ATP and Citrate
- ATP is a substrate, but if it becomes too high, it starts binding to the allosteric site

Question 2

What inhibits Hexokinase?

Answer 2

G6P

Question 3

What inhibits Glucokinase?

Answer 3

F6P, activates Glucokinase Inhibitory Protein and causes sequestration of Glucokinase

Question 4

MODY2

Answer 4

inhibitory mutation of Glucokinase
- not enough uptake of glucose

Question 5

PHHI

Answer 5

Activating mutation of Glucokinase
- too much Insulin

Question 6

How does fructose increase glucose usage?

Answer 6

F1P inhibits the binding of GKRP to Glucokinase

Question 7

What does Adenylate Kinase do and what is its significance

Answer 7

Adenylate Kinase interconverts 2 ADP <-> AMP+ATP
- AMP is an extremely sensitive indicator of [ATP] change

Question 8

Inhibition of Pyruvate Kinase

Answer 8

1) ATP
2) Alanine: Inhibits PK to prevent PEP from being converted back to Pyruvate, after being converted to OAA in gluconeogenesis
3) Phosphorylation via PKA: low glucose in liver = glucagon = activation of PKA = phosphorylation of PK = inhibition of glycolysis/activation of gluconeogenesis

Question 9

Activation of Pyruvate Kinase

Answer 9

High concentrations of F16BP

Produced by PFK1, so feedforward regulation

Question 10

Glucokinase Inhibitory Protein (aka GKRP)

Answer 10

Found in the liver, binds glucokinase and keeps it in the nucleus

• inhibited by F1P, stimulating glucokinase activity

Question 11

Which reaction in the PPP produces CO2?

Answer 11

6PGA DH

NADP -> NADPH + CO2

Question 12

What does Arginiosuccinate synthetase produce?

Answer 12

Uses ATP to produce AMP and PPi

Question 13

Glutamine synthetase uses NH3 and ?

Answer 13

ATP to produce ADP + Pi

Question 14

What is the enzymes that facilitates the loopy part of galactose metabolism

Answer 14

G1P-Uridyl Transferase

Question 15

Which enzyme facilitates the conversion of Phsophatidic acid to DAG

Answer 15

PAP

Question 16

Does Transferase or ⍺1,6-glucosidase use co-products and what are they?

Answer 16

⍺1,6-glucosidase, uses water to remove the last glucose

Question 17

Conversion of DHAP to glycerol-3P produces what else?

Answer 17

NADH to NAD

Question 18

L3-hydroxyacetyl CoA DH has which byproducts?

Answer 18

NAD to NADH

Question 19

enoyl-coA ? and it uses what

Answer 19

Hydratase, uses H2O

Question 20

Fatty-acyl CoA synthetase uses what coproducts

Answer 20

ATP to AMP and PPi

Question 21

Resynthesis of Acetyl-CoA steps in ketone bodies

Answer 21

Acetoacetate to Acetoacetyl-CoA using transferase

Acetoacetyl-CoA to Acetly CoA using thiolase

Question 22

HMG-CoA Reductase byproducts

Answer 22

NADPH to NADP + CoA