Exam 2

Question 1

What is the smallest living unit of life?

Answer 1

A Cell

A7 2.2-1

Question 2

What are the building blocks of matter?

B2.2-3

Answer 2

Atoms

Fixed by Mr. B

Question 3

What is the function of DNA

F 2.3-3

Answer 3

**Stores **genetic information/instructions for protein synthesis.

(Fixed by Mr. B)

On the other hand, RNA transmits/is the actual blueprint for the ribosome to read from and create proteins

Question 4

what is another name for sugars?

d 2.2-5

Answer 4

carbohydrates

Question 5

True or False
Carbohydrates are not used for structural porposes in some organisms like plants

d 2.2-5

Answer 5

False

(Fixed by Mr. B)

Carbohydrates are used for structural porposes in some organisms like plants in the actual cell wall of their cells! (Cellulose, a polymer)

Question 6

What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer

(Fixed by Mr. B)

F 2.3-3

Answer 6

A polymer has many monomers within it

Polymer= Many, Mono=One

Question 7

what are the five main categories of biomolecules?

A2.2-1

Answer 7

Carbohydrates,Lipids,Proteins, Nucleic Acids,and Enzymes

Question 8

What is the main definition of matter?

b2.2-2

Answer 8

matter is anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass

(Fixed by Mr. B)

Question 9

what are the monomer building blocks for protein molecules (a polymer)?

b2.3-1

Answer 9

Amino Acids.

Fixed by Mr. B

There are 20 of them, their side chains affect how they behave and cause the protein to fold in a unique way

Question 10

What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom?

2.2 B10

Answer 10

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Fixed by Mr. B

Protons/Neutrons in the middle, electrons orbiting on the outside

Question 11

What are some functions of proteins

B2.3-1

Answer 11

Make up enzymes, transport proteins, certain hormones, signaling molecules (insulin), immune system structures (antibodies)

(Fixed by Mr. B)

Question 12

What is Carbon?

What is it’s part in life?

C2.2-3

Answer 12

Carbon(C) is the backbone of biological molecules.

Question 13

What is HYDROGEN?

Where is found in?

Answer 13

Hydrogen(H) Is found in water(H2O), as well as in most organic molecules.

Question 14

What do proteins look like?

C2.3-B10

Answer 14

They look like ribbons

Question 15

What does the word “Catalyst” mean? Why are enzymes called biological catalysts?

Answer 15

Catalysts speed things up. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to begin it

(Fixed by Mr. B)

Question 16

Phospholipid tails love water T/F

(Fixed by Mr. B)

D2.3 5

Answer 16

False

Tails are hydrophobic (lipids), Head is hydrpiliic (Phosphate)

Question 17

phosphate heads _____water

Answer 17

love water

hydrophillic

Question 18

What are all cell membranes made of.

Answer 18

Phospholipid bilayer

A2.3-5

Question 19

What is the water-hating part of a phospholipid?

A 2.3-5

Answer 19

Lipid Tails

A 2.3-5

Question 20

What are one of the things embedded in a cell membrane?

E2.3-4

Answer 20

Transport Protien

allows movement of molecules across both sides

E2.3-4

Question 21

What does Exocytosis do

Answer 21

expell subtances by Vesicel fusion

Question 22

Is this an example of passive diffusion? Mr. Birkmire sprayed deoderant in the back of room then eventually reaches the front of the room.

F 2.3-7

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

What is an aquapoirn.

What is it’s function

F2.3-7

Answer 23

The aquapoirn is a type of transport protein that allows water to passively flow into/out of a cell

Through the process of osmosis. Reqquires no energy

(Fixed by Mr. B)

Question 24

which of these needs a transport protein
potassium ion, glucose, oxygen

(Fixed by Mr. B)

b2.3-6

Answer 24

glucose, potassium

Glucose is big, potassium ions are charged

Question 25

What is vesicular transport?

D2.3-9

Answer 25

Vesicular transport is when moving substances go into, out of, or within a cell using membrane-bound vesicles.

Vesicles are made of phospholipids just like the cell’s membrane

Question 26

what is selective permability?

Answer 26

Selective permeability is when it only allows some some substances into the cell membrane and keeps others out.

B2.3-6

Question 27

Active transport goes with or against concentraction gradient?

E2.3-8

Answer 27

against

requires energy therefore!!

(Fixed by Mr. B)

Question 28

Do Phosphate heads of a phospholipid face the water or the inside of the bilayer?

A 2.3-5

Answer 28

They like Water (H2O) so they are oriented towards it

(Fixed by Mr. B)

Question 29

What are transport proteins inbedded into?

Answer 29

The cell membrane

A2.3-5

Question 30

If I have 6 Ca2+ ions on one side of the cell and 2 on the other, which way will they passively diffuse through a transport protein in the cell membrane? How much is left on each side?

(Fixed by Mr. B)

E2.3-8

Answer 30

4 left on each side… High –> low (6 –> 2)

6-2=4, 2+2=4

This is called equillibrium

Question 31

What is a Lipid Tail?

E2.3-4

Answer 31

Water-hating, hydrophobic

E2.3-4

Question 32

T/F Active transport is the same as passive diffusion but faster

F 2.3-7

Answer 32

False

Active transport requires energy and moves AGAINST the concentration gradient, passive is the opposite.

Question 33

Is the cell membrane fluid or rigid?

A 2.3-5

Answer 33

Fluid

(Fixed by Mr. B)

A 2.3-5

Question 34

which of these does not need a a transport protein
oxygen ,DNA, Gluecose

(Fixed by Mr. B)

b2.3-6

Answer 34

oxygen

It is a small, uncharged gas: goes straight through the phospholipid bilayer

Question 35

Phagocytosis is _______

E2.3-9

Answer 35

cells eating cells; predatory, hunting

White blood cell, amoebas, etc.

Question 36

When Molecules are densely packed on one side of a semi-permeable membrane, what is formed?

C 2.3-7

Answer 36

A Concentration Gradient Is Formed

Question 37

Where do the Carbon dioxide molecules go in the mitochondria?

Answer 37

Calvin cycle

E.3.1-6

Question 38

What happens in alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 38

Do to the lack of oxygen, yeast and bacteria break down the glucose into 2 pyruvate and then turns into 2 ethanol which turns the NADH to make NAD+ to start over the process. This processes whole purpose is to make ATP without oxygen to do cell respiration.