Exam 2 Flashcards
Adaptation in which the needs of livestock for naturally occurring pasture and water greatly influence the movements of groups.
pastoralism
Rural people integrated into a larger society politically and economically.
peasants
Seasonal mobility, often involving migration to high-altitude areas during the hottest and driest parts of the year.
nomadism
The giving of goods without expectation of a return of equal value at any definite future time.
generalized reciprocity
The exchange of goods considered to have roughly equal value; social purposes usually motivate the exchange.
balanced reciprocity
Exchange motivated by the desire to obtain goods, in which the parties try to gain all the material goods they can.
negative reciprocity
The collection of goods or money from a group, followed by a realloca-tion to the group by a central authority.
redistribution
The rendering of goods (typically including food) to an authority such as a chief.
tribute
“Blood” relatives, or people related by birth.
consanguines
In-laws, or people related by marriage.
affines
Condition in which people who are not biologically related behave as if they are relatives of a certain type.
fictive kinship
Prohibition against sexual inter-course between certain kinds of relatives.
incest taboo
Marriage rules requiring individuals to marry some member of their own social group or category.
endogamous rules
Marriage rules prohibiting individuals from marrying a member of their own social group or category.
exogamous rules
Each individual is allowed to have only one spouse at a time.
monogamy