Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptation in which the needs of livestock for naturally occurring pasture and water greatly influence the movements of groups.

A

pastoralism

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2
Q

Rural people integrated into a larger society politically and economically.

A

peasants

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3
Q

Seasonal mobility, often involving migration to high-altitude areas during the hottest and driest parts of the year.

A

nomadism

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4
Q

The giving of goods without expectation of a return of equal value at any definite future time.

A

generalized reciprocity

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5
Q

The exchange of goods considered to have roughly equal value; social purposes usually motivate the exchange.

A

balanced reciprocity

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6
Q

Exchange motivated by the desire to obtain goods, in which the parties try to gain all the material goods they can.

A

negative reciprocity

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7
Q

The collection of goods or money from a group, followed by a realloca-tion to the group by a central authority.

A

redistribution

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8
Q

The rendering of goods (typically including food) to an authority such as a chief.

A

tribute

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9
Q

“Blood” relatives, or people related by birth.

A

consanguines

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10
Q

In-laws, or people related by marriage.

A

affines

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11
Q

Condition in which people who are not biologically related behave as if they are relatives of a certain type.

A

fictive kinship

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12
Q

Prohibition against sexual inter-course between certain kinds of relatives.

A

incest taboo

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13
Q

Marriage rules requiring individuals to marry some member of their own social group or category.

A

endogamous rules

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14
Q

Marriage rules prohibiting individuals from marrying a member of their own social group or category.

A

exogamous rules

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15
Q

Each individual is allowed to have only one spouse at a time.

A

monogamy

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16
Q

Multiple spouses.

A

polygamy

17
Q

One man is allowed to have multiple wives.

A

polygyny

18
Q

One woman is allowed to have multiple husbands.

A

polyandry

19
Q

Several women and several men are married to one another simultaneously.

A

group marriage

20
Q

Custom in which a prospective groom and his relatives are required to transfer goods to the relatives of the bride to validate the marriage.

A

bridewealth

21
Q

Custom in which a man spends a period of time working for the family of his wife.

A

brideservice

22
Q

Custom in which the family of a woman transfers property or wealth to her and/or her husband’s family upon her marriage.

A

dowry

23
Q

Residence form in which couples live with or near the husband’s parents.

A

patrilocal residence

24
Q

Residence form in which couples live with or near the wife’s parents.

A

matrilocal residence

25
Q

Residence form in which a couple establishes a separate household apart from both the husband’s and the wife’s parents.

A

neolocal residence

26
Q

Residence form in which couples live with or near the mother’s brother of the husband.

A

avunculocal residence

27
Q

Form of descent in which individuals trace their primary kinship relationships through their mothers.

A

matrilineal descent

28
Q

Form of descent in which individuals trace their most important kinship relationships through their fathers.

A

patrilineal descent

29
Q

A unilineal descent group larger than an extended family whose members can
actually trace how they are related.

A

lineage

30
Q

A named unilineal descent group, some of whose members are unable to trace how they are related, but who still believe them-selves to be kinfolk.

A

clan

31
Q

Form of descent in which individuals do not regularly associate with either matrilineal or patrilineal rela-tives, but make choices about whom to live with, whose land to use, and so forth.

A

nonunilineal descent

32
Q

Kinship terminology system in which no nuclear family kin term is extended to more distant relatives; nuclear family members have unique terms.

A

Eskimo terminology

33
Q

Kin terminology system in which only sex and generation are relevant in defining labeled categories of relatives.

A

Hawaiian terminology

34
Q

Kinship terminology system in which Ego calls parallel cousins the same terms as siblings, calls father’s brother the same as father, calls mother’s sister the same as mother, and uses unique terms for the children of father’s sister and mother’s brother.

A

Iroquois terminology

35
Q

Kinship terminology system associated with patrilineal descent in which Ego’s mother’s relatives are distin-guished only by their sex.

A

Omaha terminology