exam 2 Flashcards
osteoblast
bone cells that build up bone
keratin
waterproof protein
sarcolemma
plasma membrane of the muscle fiber
sarcoplasm
internal fluid of the muscle fiber
abduction
motion away from the midline of the body
flexion
motion that decreases the angle between 2 parts
calcitriol
hormone responsible for allowing absorption of dietary calcium
sarcomere
basic functional unit of muscle fiber
adduction
motion towards the midline of the body
meniscus
cartilaginous structure in a joint capsule
extension
motion that increases the angle between 2 parts
calcitonin
hormone responsible for storing calcium within bone
tetanus
maximal sustained muscle contraction
bursa
pocket of fluid found in some joints
osteoclasts
bone cells that break down bone
pronation
motion orienting the palms posteriorly
supination
motion orienting the plams anteriorly
crossbridge
formed when actin and myosin interact
acetylcholinesterase
enzyme found in the synapse
summation
refers to muscle twitches “building up” on one another
aponeurosis
sheet of connective tissue joining muscle to muscle
level of muscle organization DECREASING in size
whole muscle, fascicle, muscle fibers, myofibril, myofilament
melanin is responsible for
skin coloration and UV protection
this sweat gland associated in humans with pubic regions, activates in response to stress, and has a strong ordor
apocrine
this is the scientific term to sweat
sudorum
fat in bone is stored in the
yellow marrow
the perimysium covers
the fascicle
which of the following does not contribute meaningfully to thermoregulation in an integument
carotenoids (does: sudoriferous glands, feather, blood vessels)
this structure does not contain keratin
tooth
most of the mass of the bone is made up of
hydroxyapatite
the axial skeleton is primarily
protective
this is where the calcium is releases from within the muscle fibers
sarcoplasmic reticulum
this type of joints is freely moveable
diarthrosis
one reason for the breakdown of bone is
to increase calcium availability within bone
this type of muscle if spindle shaped
smooth
bones of the skull are joined by
suture joints
spongy bone is arranged into sutures called
trabeculae
which joint is the most stable
saddle
if too much pyruvate is formed anaerobically due to rapid glycolysis, what will be formed in the vertebrates
lactic acid
the arrector pili muscles are most associated with
fear
this spinal curvature is concave posteriorly
lumbar
a burn covering the back of the trunk and back of both arms of a human affects approximately
27% of the surface area (rule of 9’s)
this is the location of spongy bone in a human long bone
epiphysis
this theory states that’s sarcomeres shorten by way of myofilaments moving along one another
sliding filament theory
this protein stores oxygen within muscle fibers
myoglobin
glycolysis by itself produces a net fain of this many ATP molecules
2
this type of structural joint is always completely immovable
fibrous
this refers to a single nerve and all the muscle fibers it innervates
motor unit
a fracture breaking the radius into 2 pieces but not breaking the skin is what kind of fracture
simple complete
a muscle called the mentalis is most likely associated with the
chin
a muscle used to widen the nostrils is most likely called the
dilator naris
what is not important for bone growth
UV light, hydroxyapatite, vitamin D
which of type of joint is the least stable
ball and socket
a muscle used to raise the rib cage would mostly likely be called the
lavatories costarum
most fat found in the integumentary system is found in the tissue of this
hypodermis
ecdysis is a process that occurs to
epidermal scales
appositional growth occurs when
bones increase in thickness
this type of structural joint has bones that do not touch and a joint capsule
synovial
the first part of a muscle twitch is referred to as the
latent period
granulation tissue includes cells which do all of the following
provide blood supply, clear cellular debris, produce new collagen fibers (doesn’t transform cartilage to bone)
one step involved with bone repair is
fracture hematoma
this type of joint is immovable
synarthrosis
this type of muscle has intercalated discs
cardiac
layers of epidermis in order from deepest to mist superficial
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
this type of burn extends partially though the epidermis
1st degree
calcitonin
hormone responsible for storing calcium within bone
sacolemma
plasma membrane of the muscle
sarcomere
basic functional unit of the muscle fiber
keratin
tough integumentary protein
tetanus
maximal sustained muscle contraction
osteoclasts
bone cells that break down bone
gumphosis
type of joint found between tooth and jaw
crossbridge
formed when actin and myosin interact
creatine phosphate
molecule that can recharge ATP
hydroxyapatite
calcium phosphate found in bone
tendon
connective tissue joining muscle to bone
sarcoplasm
internal fluid of the muscle fiber
superination
motion orienting the palms anteriorly
collagen
material found in a scar
summation
refer to muscle twitched building up on one another
appositional growth occurs when
bone increases in thickness
blood cells are produced in the
red marrow
this is the location of most spongy bone in the human long bone
epiphysis
melanin is a protein responsible for
skin coloration and UV protection
a sarcomere has
2 Z lines and one M line
this sweat gland is associated in humans with pubic regions, activates in response to stress and has a strong order
apocrine
most of the fat found in the integumentary system is found in the tissue of the
hypodermis
ecdysis is process that occurs to
epidermal scales
this spinal curvature is concave posteriorly (open to rear)
lumbar
which type of muscle fiber takes the longest to fatigue
type 1
compact bone is arranged into structure called
osteons
which of the following types of joint is the most stable
suture
which of the following doesn’t contribute meaningfully to thermoregulation in an integument
caroteniods
the arrector pili muscle most associated with
hair follicle
this structure doesn’t contain keratin
tooth
glycolysis by itself produces a net gain of this many ATP molescules
2
if too much pyruvate is formed anaerobically due to rapid glycolysis ______ will be formed in vertebrates
lactic acid
not true about smooth muscle cell
they are connected by intercalated discs
fascicles are bundles of the muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue layer called the
perimysium
this structure type of joint has bones that don’t touch and a joint capsule
synovial
bones of the skull are jointed by
suture joints
where would you find an osteoderm
an alligator
contains stem cells
hair matric and nail root
a muscle used to move the palms face down would most likely be called
pronator teres
a muscle called the occipitofrontal is most likely associated with the
head
member of the quadriceps group most likely found outside of the leg
vastus lateralis
a muscle called the splenius cericis is most likely found in the
neck
fat in bones is stored in the
yellow marrow
least stable type of joint
ball and socket
spongy bone is arranged into structures called
trabeculae
one step involved with bone repair is
hematoma
a muscle called the geniohyoid is most likely associated with the
neck
a muscle used to raise the tongue would be called
levator labri superior
this type of sweat gland produces thin, watery sweat that is the principal mechanism of thermoregulation
eccrine
identifies the roles of calcitriol and parathyroid hormone
raise blood calcium
kind of joints functionally
diarthrotic
this theory states that sarcomeres shorten by way of myofilaments moving along one another
sliding filament theory
this is where calcium is released from within the muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum
the first part of a muscle twitch is referred to as the
latent period
granulation tissue does NOT include cells that
transform cartilage to bone
this type of joint is immovable
synarthrotic
this type of burn extends partially through the epidermis
1st degree
bone not apart of pelvic girdle
acromion
