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BIO 203 Vertebrate Anatomy Physio > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

osteoblast

A

bone cells that build up bone

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2
Q

keratin

A

waterproof protein

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3
Q

sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane of the muscle fiber

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4
Q

sarcoplasm

A

internal fluid of the muscle fiber

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5
Q

abduction

A

motion away from the midline of the body

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6
Q

flexion

A

motion that decreases the angle between 2 parts

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7
Q

calcitriol

A

hormone responsible for allowing absorption of dietary calcium

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8
Q

sarcomere

A

basic functional unit of muscle fiber

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9
Q

adduction

A

motion towards the midline of the body

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10
Q

meniscus

A

cartilaginous structure in a joint capsule

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11
Q

extension

A

motion that increases the angle between 2 parts

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12
Q

calcitonin

A

hormone responsible for storing calcium within bone

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13
Q

tetanus

A

maximal sustained muscle contraction

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14
Q

bursa

A

pocket of fluid found in some joints

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15
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone cells that break down bone

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16
Q

pronation

A

motion orienting the palms posteriorly

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17
Q

supination

A

motion orienting the plams anteriorly

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18
Q

crossbridge

A

formed when actin and myosin interact

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19
Q

acetylcholinesterase

A

enzyme found in the synapse

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20
Q

summation

A

refers to muscle twitches “building up” on one another

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21
Q

aponeurosis

A

sheet of connective tissue joining muscle to muscle

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22
Q

level of muscle organization DECREASING in size

A

whole muscle, fascicle, muscle fibers, myofibril, myofilament

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23
Q

melanin is responsible for

A

skin coloration and UV protection

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24
Q

this sweat gland associated in humans with pubic regions, activates in response to stress, and has a strong ordor

A

apocrine

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25
Q

this is the scientific term to sweat

A

sudorum

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26
Q

fat in bone is stored in the

A

yellow marrow

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27
Q

the perimysium covers

A

the fascicle

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28
Q

which of the following does not contribute meaningfully to thermoregulation in an integument

A

carotenoids (does: sudoriferous glands, feather, blood vessels)

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29
Q

this structure does not contain keratin

A

tooth

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30
Q

most of the mass of the bone is made up of

A

hydroxyapatite

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31
Q

the axial skeleton is primarily

A

protective

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32
Q

this is where the calcium is releases from within the muscle fibers

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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33
Q

this type of joints is freely moveable

A

diarthrosis

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34
Q

one reason for the breakdown of bone is

A

to increase calcium availability within bone

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35
Q

this type of muscle if spindle shaped

A

smooth

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36
Q

bones of the skull are joined by

A

suture joints

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37
Q

spongy bone is arranged into sutures called

A

trabeculae

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38
Q

which joint is the most stable

A

saddle

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39
Q

if too much pyruvate is formed anaerobically due to rapid glycolysis, what will be formed in the vertebrates

A

lactic acid

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40
Q

the arrector pili muscles are most associated with

A

fear

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41
Q

this spinal curvature is concave posteriorly

A

lumbar

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42
Q

a burn covering the back of the trunk and back of both arms of a human affects approximately

A

27% of the surface area (rule of 9’s)

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43
Q

this is the location of spongy bone in a human long bone

A

epiphysis

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44
Q

this theory states that’s sarcomeres shorten by way of myofilaments moving along one another

A

sliding filament theory

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45
Q

this protein stores oxygen within muscle fibers

A

myoglobin

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46
Q

glycolysis by itself produces a net fain of this many ATP molecules

A

2

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47
Q

this type of structural joint is always completely immovable

A

fibrous

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48
Q

this refers to a single nerve and all the muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor unit

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49
Q

a fracture breaking the radius into 2 pieces but not breaking the skin is what kind of fracture

A

simple complete

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50
Q

a muscle called the mentalis is most likely associated with the

A

chin

51
Q

a muscle used to widen the nostrils is most likely called the

A

dilator naris

52
Q

what is not important for bone growth

A

UV light, hydroxyapatite, vitamin D

53
Q

which of type of joint is the least stable

A

ball and socket

54
Q

a muscle used to raise the rib cage would mostly likely be called the

A

lavatories costarum

55
Q

most fat found in the integumentary system is found in the tissue of this

A

hypodermis

56
Q

ecdysis is a process that occurs to

A

epidermal scales

57
Q

appositional growth occurs when

A

bones increase in thickness

58
Q

this type of structural joint has bones that do not touch and a joint capsule

A

synovial

59
Q

the first part of a muscle twitch is referred to as the

A

latent period

60
Q

granulation tissue includes cells which do all of the following

A

provide blood supply, clear cellular debris, produce new collagen fibers (doesn’t transform cartilage to bone)

61
Q

one step involved with bone repair is

A

fracture hematoma

62
Q

this type of joint is immovable

A

synarthrosis

63
Q

this type of muscle has intercalated discs

A

cardiac

64
Q

layers of epidermis in order from deepest to mist superficial

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

65
Q

this type of burn extends partially though the epidermis

A

1st degree

66
Q

calcitonin

A

hormone responsible for storing calcium within bone

67
Q

sacolemma

A

plasma membrane of the muscle

68
Q

sarcomere

A

basic functional unit of the muscle fiber

69
Q

keratin

A

tough integumentary protein

70
Q

tetanus

A

maximal sustained muscle contraction

71
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone cells that break down bone

72
Q

gumphosis

A

type of joint found between tooth and jaw

73
Q

crossbridge

A

formed when actin and myosin interact

74
Q

creatine phosphate

A

molecule that can recharge ATP

75
Q

hydroxyapatite

A

calcium phosphate found in bone

76
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue joining muscle to bone

77
Q

sarcoplasm

A

internal fluid of the muscle fiber

78
Q

superination

A

motion orienting the palms anteriorly

79
Q

collagen

A

material found in a scar

80
Q

summation

A

refer to muscle twitched building up on one another

81
Q

appositional growth occurs when

A

bone increases in thickness

82
Q

blood cells are produced in the

A

red marrow

83
Q

this is the location of most spongy bone in the human long bone

A

epiphysis

84
Q

melanin is a protein responsible for

A

skin coloration and UV protection

85
Q

a sarcomere has

A

2 Z lines and one M line

86
Q

this sweat gland is associated in humans with pubic regions, activates in response to stress and has a strong order

A

apocrine

87
Q

most of the fat found in the integumentary system is found in the tissue of the

A

hypodermis

88
Q

ecdysis is process that occurs to

A

epidermal scales

89
Q

this spinal curvature is concave posteriorly (open to rear)

A

lumbar

90
Q

which type of muscle fiber takes the longest to fatigue

A

type 1

91
Q

compact bone is arranged into structure called

A

osteons

92
Q

which of the following types of joint is the most stable

A

suture

93
Q

which of the following doesn’t contribute meaningfully to thermoregulation in an integument

A

caroteniods

94
Q

the arrector pili muscle most associated with

A

hair follicle

95
Q

this structure doesn’t contain keratin

A

tooth

96
Q

glycolysis by itself produces a net gain of this many ATP molescules

A

2

97
Q

if too much pyruvate is formed anaerobically due to rapid glycolysis ______ will be formed in vertebrates

A

lactic acid

98
Q

not true about smooth muscle cell

A

they are connected by intercalated discs

99
Q

fascicles are bundles of the muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue layer called the

A

perimysium

100
Q

this structure type of joint has bones that don’t touch and a joint capsule

A

synovial

101
Q

bones of the skull are jointed by

A

suture joints

102
Q

where would you find an osteoderm

A

an alligator

103
Q

contains stem cells

A

hair matric and nail root

104
Q

a muscle used to move the palms face down would most likely be called

A

pronator teres

105
Q

a muscle called the occipitofrontal is most likely associated with the

A

head

106
Q

member of the quadriceps group most likely found outside of the leg

A

vastus lateralis

107
Q

a muscle called the splenius cericis is most likely found in the

A

neck

108
Q

fat in bones is stored in the

A

yellow marrow

109
Q

least stable type of joint

A

ball and socket

110
Q

spongy bone is arranged into structures called

A

trabeculae

111
Q

one step involved with bone repair is

A

hematoma

112
Q

a muscle called the geniohyoid is most likely associated with the

A

neck

113
Q

a muscle used to raise the tongue would be called

A

levator labri superior

114
Q

this type of sweat gland produces thin, watery sweat that is the principal mechanism of thermoregulation

A

eccrine

115
Q

identifies the roles of calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

A

raise blood calcium

116
Q

kind of joints functionally

A

diarthrotic

117
Q

this theory states that sarcomeres shorten by way of myofilaments moving along one another

A

sliding filament theory

118
Q

this is where calcium is released from within the muscle

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

119
Q

the first part of a muscle twitch is referred to as the

A

latent period

120
Q

granulation tissue does NOT include cells that

A

transform cartilage to bone

121
Q

this type of joint is immovable

A

synarthrotic

122
Q

this type of burn extends partially through the epidermis

A

1st degree

123
Q

bone not apart of pelvic girdle

A

acromion

BIO 203 Vertebrate Anatomy Physio (8 decks)

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