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Geoglogy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Rock?

A

An accumulation of minerals and other materials that occur in significant quantities where each component maintains its own physical properties.

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2
Q

Types of Rocks (3)

A

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

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3
Q

Steps of the Rock Cycle

A 
MELT, undergoes crystallization
IGNEOUS ROCK, undergoes weathering/erosion
SEDIMENT, undergoes lithification
SEDIMENTARY ROCK, undergoes metamorphism
METAMORPHIC ROCK, undergoes melting

then back to melt

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4
Q

What is an Igneous Rock

A

A high temp, silica rich liquid (magma/lava) that crystallizes

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5
Q

What is a Melt

A 
Liquid
Early Formed Crystals
Dissolved Gas 
( water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide)
NO OXYGEN
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6
Q

Features of Magma Crystallization

A

Underground/In Host Rock
Intrusive - Plutonic
Cools Slowly
Large Crystals

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7
Q

Features of Lava Crystallization

A

Above Ground
Extrusive - Volcanic
Cools Rapidly
Small Crystals

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8
Q

Bowens Reaction Series

A

“Ideal Melt”

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9
Q

Ultramafic Rocks

A

Olivine (Ferromagnesian)

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10
Q

Mafic Rocks

A

Augite (Ferromagnesian)
Horneblende (Ferromagnesian)
Plagioclase (Black/Gray) (Non Ferromagnesian)

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11
Q

Intermediate Rocks

A 
Biotite Mica (Ferromagnesian)
Plagioclase (White) (Non Ferromagnesian)
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12
Q

Sialic Rocks

A

Orthoclase (Non Ferromagnesian)
Muscovite Mica (Non Ferromagnesian)
Quartz (Non Ferromagnesian)

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13
Q

Types of Texture (2)

A

Phaneritic

Aphanitic

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14
Q

Aphanitic Texture

A

Above Ground
Rapid Cooling
Fine Crystals

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15
Q

Phaneritic Texture

A

Underground
Slow Cooling
Visible Crystals

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16
Q

Phaneritic Rocks

A

Granite (Sialic)
Diorite (Intermediate)
Gabbro (Mafic)
Peridotite (Ultramafic)

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17
Q

Aphanitic Rocks

A

Rhyolite (Sialic)
Andesite (Intermediate)
Basalt (Mafic)

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18
Q

Special Textures

A

Glassy (Very Rapid Cooling)
Vesicular (Bubbly)
Pyroclastic (Rock Fragments + Ash, Air)
Pegmatitic (Crystals Greater than an Inch)

19
Q

What is a Sill

A

Parallel Flow

20
Q

What is a Dike

A

Diagonal Flow

21
Q

Intrusive Bodies

A

Sill
Dike
Massive
> Batholith ( >40 sq mi, granite/sialic, 5-7mi deep)
> Stock ( <40 sq mi, composition variable)

22
Q

Extrusive Bodies

A 
Eruptive Products
   Lava Flows (Pahoe hoe, AA, Pillow Basalt)

Ejecta (Tuff, Ash, Cinders, Blocks, Bombs)

23
Q

Extrusive Rock Bodies ????

A

Tabular (fissure flow, flood basalt)

Conical (volcanos)

24
Q

Types of Volcanos (3)

A

Cinder Cone
Composite Cone/Stratovolcano
Shield Volcano

25
Q

Cinder Cone Characteristics

A

30-33 degree slope
100-500 feet
mostly ejecta

26
Q

Composite Cone/Stratovolcano Characteristics

A

30-33 degrees at summit
3-10 degrees at base
2000-4000 feet
lava flows + ejecta

27
Q

Shield Volcano Characteristics

A

Largest Type
3-10 degrees
30,000 feet
basaltic/mafic compostion + lava flows

28
Q

Styles of Eruption

A 
Lava Flows (quiet, effusive)
Ejecta (explosive)
29
Q

Controls of Eruptions

A

Propellent/Gas Content
Sialic, Intermediate, Mafic
Explosive ——> Effusive
Thick ————> Runny

30
Q

Volcanic Hazards

A 
Ash Fall
Lava Flow
Pyroclastic Flow
Volcanic Mud Flow (Lahars)
Gas
Global Temperature
Tsunami
Lateral Blast
31
Q

Igneous Rocks

A 
Granite, Diorite, Gabbro, Peridotite
Rhyolite, Andesite, Basalt
Pumice, Scoria
Tuff
Pegmatitic Granite
32
Q

Characteristics of Granite

A

Phaneritic
Sialic
Visible Crystals
Plutonic

33
Q

Characteristics of Diorite

A 
Phaneritic
Intermediate
Salt and Pepper (more white)
Visible Crystals
Plutonic
34
Q

Characteristics of Gabbro

A 
Phaneritic
Mafic
Visible Crystals
Black and White (more black)
Plutonic
35
Q

Characteristics of Peridotite

A 
Phaneritic
Ultramafic
Visible Crystals
Black/Olivine
Plutonic
36
Q

Characteristics of Rhyolite

A 
Aphanitic
Sialic
Fine Crystals
White/Pink
Fairly Smooth
Volcanic
37
Q

Characteristics of Andesite

A 
Aphanitic
Intermediate
Fine Crystals
Light Gray Color
Some Visible Crystals
Volcanic
38
Q

Characteristics of Basalt

A

Aphanitic
Mafic
Black/Dark Gray
Volcanic

39
Q

Characteristics of Pumice

A

Vesicular/Bubbly

smaller bubbles

40
Q

Characteristics of Scoria

A

Vesicular/Bubbly
medium bubbles
black/red

41
Q

Characteristics of Tuff

A

Rock Fragments Mixed with ash
Light
pyroclastic
Sialic-Mafic

42
Q

Characteristics of Pegmatitic Granite

A

Sialic

Large Crystals

43
Q

Characteristics of Vesicular Basalt

A

Vesicular/Bubbly
Black
larger bubbles

44
Q

Characteristics of Obsidian

A

Glassy
Sharp
Mafic

Geoglogy (5 decks)

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