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Geoglogy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Geology?

A

The study of the earth.

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2
Q

Scientific Process

A 
Ask a question
Collect data
Formulate a hypothesis
Make predictions
Collect more data
Evaluate Hypothesis
Accept, Reject, Revise
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3
Q

What is a mineral?

A

A naturally occurring, inorganic substance with and orderly internal arrangement of atoms, and a chemical composition that varies within given limits.

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4
Q

What are the physical properties

A 
Color
Luster
Streak Color
Hardness
Breakage
Crystal Growth Forms
Effervescence
Magnetism
Density
Other Stuff
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5
Q

Categories of Color

A

Diagnostic

Variable

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6
Q

Categories of Luster

A

Metallic
Glassy/Vitreous
Waxy
Earthy

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7
Q

Who Created the Hardness Scale

A

Mohs hardness scale

1-10 ranking

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8
Q

Categories of Breakage

A

Cleavage

Fracture

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9
Q

What is Effervesence

A

Hydrochloric Acid that causes bubbles

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10
Q

What are Striations

A

Parallel lines on Cleavage face of mineral

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11
Q

What are color bands

A

Darker vs lighter bands running through the mineral

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12
Q

Characteristics of Pyrite

A

metallic, black streak, golden color

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13
Q

Characteristics of Galena

A

heavy, cubic cleavage, metallic, blue/gray color

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14
Q

Characteristics of Fluorite

A

Rhombic Cleavage, glassy, white streak, harder than penny

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15
Q

Characteristics of Magnetite

A

Magnetic, black streak, heavy

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16
Q

Characteristics of Hematite

A

reddish brown color/streak, weakly magnetic, earthy luster

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17
Q

Characteristics of Sphalerite

A

yellow streak, sulfurous

18
Q

Characteristics of Halite

A

softer than penny, glassy, cubic cleavage

19
Q

Characteristics of Calcite

A

rhombic cleavage, glassy, bubbles under hydrochloric acid

20
Q

Characteristics of Gypsum

A

platy, softer than fingernail, clear to dark gray in color

21
Q

Characteristics of Dolomite

A

weak bubbles, glassy crystals on rock, pink or orange in color

22
Q

Characteristics of Limonite

A

Stronger than steel nail, orange/yellow-brown, earthy, rusty

23
Q

Characteristics of Quartz

A

fracture, glassy, stronger than streak plate, varies in color-clear, pink, white, gray

24
Q

Characteristics of Graphite

A

metallic, soapy, softer than fingernail

25
Q

Characteristics of Talc

A

soapy, softer than fingernail, greenish-white in color

26
Q

Characteristics of Garnet

A

Harder than streak plate, 12 sided diamond faces, fracture, varied in color-red, brown, green

27
Q

Characteristics of Muscovite Mica

A

flakey, sliver/clear

28
Q

Characteristics of Biotite Mica

A

flakey, black/brown

29
Q

Characteristics of Olivine

A

olive green, sandy texture, fine crystals

30
Q

Characteristics of Hornblende

A

Black, wood grained, needle like crystals

31
Q

Characteristics of Orthoclase Feldspar

A

harder than glass plate, pink/white color bands

32
Q

Characteristics of Plagioclase Feldspar

A

harder than glass plate, black/gray/white striations

33
Q

Characteristics of Augite

A

light green/black, pale green streak, glassy

34
Q

What is Volcano Gradient

A

Change in Elevation over Distance

35
Q

Mineral Families

A

Sulfides - Metal + Sulfur: Sphalerite, Galena, Pyrite
Oxides - Metal + Oxygen: Magnetite, Hematite
Carbonates - CO2 + Other: Calcite, Dolomite
Silicates - 1 Silicon + 2 Oxygen: Silica

36
Q

Coastal Element Abundance

A

Mostly Oxygen and Silicon

37
Q

Characteristics of Ferromagnesian Silicates

A

Higher than Average Density
Darker Color
Silica + Iron + Magnesium

38
Q

Characteristics of Non-Ferromagnesian Silicates

A

Average Density
Lighter Color
Silica + Aluminum + Silicon

39
Q

Ferromagnesian Minerals

A

Olivine
Augite
Hornblende
Biotite Mica

40
Q

Non-Ferromagnesian Minerals

A

Quartz
Orthoclase Feldspar
Plagioclase Feldspar
Muscovite Mica

Geoglogy (5 decks)

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