Exam 1p3 Flashcards
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the many descendants that originated from the earliest ancestor of the green algae since the pre-Cambrian period to our time?
a) Many are unicellular
b) Many are multicellular
c) They all have chloroplasts
d) Options a and b are correct
e) Options a and c are correct
d) Options a and b are correct
Prokaryotes
a) Form a clade
b) Have mitochondria
c) Do not always have water as the electron donor in photosynthesis
d) None of the other options is correct
c) Do not always have water as the electron donor in photosynthesis
True or False: All oxygen found in the Earth’s atmosphere comes from biological activities
a) True
b) False
a) True
Which of these hypotheses explains why it took around 200,000,000 years for oxygen to accumulate in the Earth’s atmosphere after the origin of cyanobacteria?
a) Very few organisms were performing photosynthesis at this time
b) Many organisms were performing aerobic respiration at this time
c) Cyanobacteria almost became extinct
d) Most oxygen produced by cyanobacteria was used to oxidize iron present on the planet
d) Most oxygen produced by cyanobacteria was used to oxidize iron present on the planet
True or False: Purple sulfur bacteria were involved in the origin of mitochondria, and these bacteria performed photosynthesis
a) True
b) False
a) True
Which of these was the direct ancestor of land plants?
a) Red algae
b) Green algae
c) Brown algae
d) Cyanobacteria
b) Green algae
Which of the following organisms were important for the very early development of an atmospheric shield to protect life from UV light?
a) The first terrestrial plants through photosynthesis
b) Cyanobacteria through photosynthesis
c) Options a, b, and c are correct
d) Options b and c are correct
e) Cyanobacteria through respiration
b) Cyanobacteria through photosynthesis
Which of the following is the electron donor during photosynthesis?
a) Water
b) Light
c) CO₂
d) Sugar
a) Water
During photosynthesis, the photoelectric effect explains:
a) How electrons are removed from water
b) How electrons are removed from light
c) How photons add electrons to ADP
d) How electrons are removed from sugar
‘a) How electrons are removed from water
Chloroplasts have cyanobacteria as their ancestors, and they both:
a) Can harvest electrons from water to make sugar through photosynthesis
b) Have nitrogenase that allows them to make proteins
c) Have a single membrane
d) Options a and c are correct
e) Options a and b are correct
‘a) Can harvest electrons from water to make sugar through photosynthesis
Humans have the genes that code for the enzyme nitrogenase in:
a) The nucleus
b) The mitochondria
c) Options a and b are correct
d) None of the other options are correct. Sadly, humans do not have genes to make nitrogenase
‘d) None of the other options are correct. Sadly, humans do not have genes to make nitrogenase
The “nasty” smell of mangroves is the result of:
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Purple sulfur bacteria
c) Metabolic activity of green algae in areas of unclean water
d) All other options are correct, as these organisms are very active in unclean waters
‘b) Purple sulfur bacteria
Which of the following provide evidence for a prokaryote origin for chloroplasts and mitochondria?
a) They both have inside a single molecule of DNA, like all bacteria
b) Only mitochondria have inside a single molecule of DNA, like some bacteria
c) Only chloroplasts have inside a single molecule of DNA, like some bacteria
d) They both have inside several molecules of DNA, like some bacteria
d) They both have inside several molecules of DNA, like some bacteria
In the branching tree for plants which of the following is a synapomorphy for all terrestrial plants
a) Flowers
b) Vascular Tissue
c) Seeds
d) All of the above is correct
b) Vascular Tissue
. Clades are always defined by
a) Synapomorphies
b) Ancestral traits
c) Morphological characters
d) None of the above as clades are only found within the out group
a) Synapomorphies
‘In the branching tree for plants which of the following is a trait that originated in the ancestor of the seed plant group:
a) Flowers
b) Vascular Tissue
c) Seeds
d) All of the above is correct
c) Seeds
: In the branching tree for plants which of the following are derived traits ONLY for the group ofAngiosperms + Gymnosperms
a) spores
b) Flowers
c) Vascular Tissue
d) Seeds
‘d) Seeds
Traits that exhibit homoplasy are always
a) Synapomorphies
b) Ancestral traits
c) Examples of convergence
d) None of the above are correct as homoplasy is not relevant in phylogenies.
’. a) Synapomorphies
Under the parsimony principle. We will pick up the tree with:
a) The highest number of evolutionary changes
b) The fewest number of evolutionary changes
c) The highest number of reversal changes
d) The highest level of homplasy
b) The fewest number of evolutionary changes
Regarding the evolution of holoparasitism of all angiosperms:
a) All plants that exhibit holoparasitism form a single group that shares the same direct common ancestor
b) Parasitism in plants is one example of homoplasy through convergence
c) Parasitism in plants is an example of homoplasy through evolutionary reversal
d) Options B and C are correct
b) Parasitism in plants is one example of homoplasy through convergence
