Exam 1p2 Flashcards
Each terminal branch is always
a) Monophyletic
b) Polyphyletic
c) Paraphyletic
d) It can be a, b, or c
a) Monophyletic
A clade is by definition
a) A terminal branch
b) Monophyletic
c) Paraphyletic
d) It can be b or c
b) Monophyletic
Dinosaurs form
a) A group of vertebrates that became extinct
b) A group of animals with major reversals to the morphology of lampreys
c) A polyphyletic group
d) None of the other options is correct
a) A group of vertebrates that became extinct
Based on the phylogenies of vertebrates and apes shown in class, ________________ form a terminal branch
a) Giraffes
b) Birds
c) Gorillas
d) None of the other options is correct
e) Options a, b, and c are correct
e) Options a, b, and c are correct
Which of the following is a synapomorphy found in the direct common ancestor of Archosaurs
a) Making nests
b) Scales
c) Feathers
d) Lungs
e) All other options are correct
a) Making nests
Lungs in land-snails and in terrestrial vertebrates are examples of
a) Homology
b) Convergent evolution for a functional trait
c) A synapomorphy for the monophyletic group made by land snails and terrestrial vertebrates
d) None of the other options is correct
b) Convergent evolution for a functional trait
As a follow-up question that one student had in one of the lectures, reptiles are
a) Monophyletic
b) Paraphyletic
c) Sister to birds
d) Options b and c are correct
b) Paraphyletic
Which of the following is correct
a) Crustaceans form a monophyletic group
b) Homoplasy explains colonization of land by invertebrates
c) Convergent evolution explains the colonization of land by invertebrates
d) All other options are incorrect
e) Options b and c are correct
e) Options b and c are correct
Planet Earth is _________ billion years old
a) 3.5
b) 4.5
c) 5.5
d) 6.5
b) 4.5
Life on planet Earth is _______ billion years old
a) 3.5
b) 4.5
c) 5.5
d) 6.5
a) 3.5
The Cambrian explosion happened _____ million years ago
a) 100
b) 250
c) 500
d) 1000
c) 500
Which of the following statements is correct
a) Plants originated during the Cambrian explosion
b) During the Cambrian explosion animals started to colonize land
c) During the Cambrian explosion the main clades of animals were well defined and diversified
d) Vertebrates originated in land environments
c) During the Cambrian explosion the main clades of animals were well defined and diversified
Within the group of (Gorillas + Chimps + Humans), which of the following is/are synapomorphy/ies for the ancestor of this group
a) Knuckle-walking
b) Loss of tail
c) Bipedal locomotion
d) Options a and b are correct
e) Options b and c are correct
a) Knuckle-walking
The colonization of the three main groups of arthropods from aquatic to terrestrial environments
a) Had a single direct aquatic ancestor
b) Involved a reversal
c) Happened before snails colonized land from aquatic environments
d) Options a, b, and c are correct
e) None of the other options is correct
c) Happened before snails colonized land from aquatic environments
Based on the phylogenies presented in the PowerPoint, which of the following applies to dinosaurs as a single group of animals
a) Grade
b) A terminal branch
c) Clade
d) A polyphyletic group
a) Grade
One of the students asked a question about mosses. Which of the following applies to these plants
a) Vascular tissue
b) Colonization of land after invertebrates
c) Found in aquatic and terrestrial environments
d) None of the other options is correct
d) None of the other options is correct
Grades are
a) Clades
b) Monophyletic groups
c) Paraphyletic groups
d) Options a and b are correct
c) Paraphyletic groups
The ultimate origin of __________ involved bacteria that performed photosynthesis
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplasts
c) Red Algae
d) Options a and b are correct
e) Options a, b, and c are correct
e) Options a, b, and c are correct
In humans, __________ of the genes that control respiration are found in __________
a) Most / the nucleus
b) Most / the mitochondria
c) ~Half / the nucleus
d) None of the other options is correct because genes involved in respiration have different levels of expression with age
a) Most / the nucleus
In plants, __________ of the genes that control photosynthesis are found in __________
a) Most / the nucleus
b) Most / the chloroplasts
c) ~Half / the nucleus
d) None of the other options is correct because photosynthetic genes have different levels of expression with the developmental stage of the plant
b) Most / the chloroplasts
