exam

Question 1

why is most force produced at the mid point of muscle contraction

Answer 1

this maximises how much actin and myosin overlap and therefore more of crossbridges

Question 2

what happens when muscle contact to much

Answer 2

not as much room for sarcomeres to contract

Question 3

what happens when you length your muscle

Answer 3

then not as many cross bridges can be formed = less tension/force

Question 4

what is the all or nothing response

Answer 4

if an electric stimulus reaches a motor neurons threshold level=then all the muscle fibres of that motor unit will contract to their maximum level and all at the same time

if the threshold is not reached, none of the muscle fibres attached to that motor unit will be activated

Answer 5

Before race
* Low GI foods/carbohydrate are used to carbohydrate load.
* Low GI foods/carbohydrate release glucose slowly into the blood stream.
* Pre-performance meal of low GI food/carbohydrate should be eaten 2-4 hours before race.
* Immediately before the race the athlete can consume high GI food to top up blood glucose.
* Avoid high fibre foods and/or avoid high fat foods.
* Athlete needs to be hydrated/athlete drinks 200 – 600ml before event/up to 1l
an hour before race.
Carbohydrate loading maximises athletes muscle glycogen stores prior to race.
Carbohydrate loading is used in conjunction with tapering.
Athletes should consume 10 – 12 g of carbohydrate per kg of body mass to
carbohydrate load effectively.

During race
Glycogen stores become depleted during the event and need to be
replenished.

Athlete should consume 30 - 60 g carbohydrate per hour.
1–15
Carbohydrate should be high GI.
Avoid high fibre foods and/or avoid high fat foods.

‘Carbohydration’ as the practice meeting the refuelling requirements outlined above, and at the same time replaces any fluids lost through sweat.

Ingest electrolytes to decrease cramps/dehydration.

Athletes need to maintain hydration by consuming 500 - 1000 ml of fluid per hour (200-300 ml every 15-20 mins).

After the race
* Athlete must consume carbohydrate immediately after the event or be within 30 mins of completion.
* Carbohydrate should be high GI.
* Low GI meal should be consumed 4-6 hours after event to further replenish
glycogen stores.
* Protein needs to be consumed to aid in the repair of muscle tissue.
* Ingest electrolytes to replace essential minerals and assist recovery
* Athlete replaces lost fluid.

Question 6

define social loafing

Answer 6

lessing of effect of an individual due to the presence of other team mates

Question 7

what do you talk about when referring to cold conditions

Answer 7

vasoconstriction
shivering which depletes glycogen stores

Question 8

what are some illegal stimulates

Answer 8

cocaine, meth, ADD medication

Question 9

what do stimulates do

Answer 9

act on the CNS to stimulate the brain and increase heart rate

mask tiredness, glycogen sparing- free fatty acids

Question 10

2 negatives of stimulates

Answer 10

headaches, withdraws

Question 11

what do you need to include when talking about humidity

Answer 11

water and hydration

Question 12

what do you need to include to the sliding filament theory

Answer 12

binding sites revealed for myosin to be attached to

Question 13

what do you need to include in your answers about periodisation

Answer 13

Definition of periodisation
Micorcycle
Macocycle
Pre-season
In-season
Off-season
Recovery/transition
Tapering
Peaking
Progressive overload
Maintaince

Question 14

what should u include in your answers about diet and nutrition

Answer 14

When talking about nutrition ensure to include actual examples of food

Question 15

definition of projectile range

Answer 15

The horizontal displacement of the projectile is called the range of the projectile

Question 16

what is myogobin responsible for

Answer 16

responsible for transporting O2 molecules to the mitochondria therefore improving the rate of ATP production

Question 17

what is a motor unit

Answer 17

the motor unit is the motor neauron and everything that connects to it and contracts all at the same time

Question 18

what are most levers in the body

Answer 18

third class- Most levers in the body are designed for generating speed

Question 19

how do you increase the cohension of a team

Answer 19

Encourage social interaction outside of rowing training

Conduct team building activities to promote reliance on each other

Set individual/team goals to increase motivation/create buy-in from the members

Create informal/formal roles within the group to encourage players to take ownership of the team

Build team identity by establishing standards of presentation, having clear expectations/code of conduct

Foster a climate of trust and respect within the group by maintaining open and honest communication and prompt conflict resolution

Other valid responses may be accepted

Question 20

how do you increase your angular momentum at take off

Answer 20

have a running start, increasing your linear momentum which will then be transferred into angular momentum

more effective segmental interaction at take off

pushing hard when jumpering, (newtons third law )

Question 21

what is angular momentum a product of

Answer 21

is the product of angular velocity and moment of inertia

Question 22

what causes the sliding filament theory to start

Answer 22

motor neuron stimulates the muscle fibre with a neural impulse

Question 23

how is difficult added to shaping training activity

Answer 23

through modified conditions

Question 24

how can balance be achieved

Answer 24

through the even distribution of forces around the base of support

Question 25

define momentum

Answer 25

a combination of mass (how big an object is) and how velocity (fast it is moving ) = m x v

Question 26

how can you increase momentum

Answer 26

increase its mass
increasing the velocity
both 1 and 2

Question 27

what are examples of where a long force arm would be used

Answer 27

good for gymnastics
weightlifting as smaller arms and legs so smaller resistance arms (can produce a lot of force easier)