exam Flashcards
why is most force produced at the mid point of muscle contraction
this maximises how much actin and myosin overlap and therefore more of crossbridges
what happens when muscle contact to much
not as much room for sarcomeres to contract
what happens when you length your muscle
then not as many cross bridges can be formed = less tension/force
what is the all or nothing response
if an electric stimulus reaches a motor neurons threshold level=then all the muscle fibres of that motor unit will contract to their maximum level and all at the same time
if the threshold is not reached, none of the muscle fibres attached to that motor unit will be activated
Before race
* Low GI foods/carbohydrate are used to carbohydrate load.
* Low GI foods/carbohydrate release glucose slowly into the blood stream.
* Pre-performance meal of low GI food/carbohydrate should be eaten 2-4 hours before race.
* Immediately before the race the athlete can consume high GI food to top up blood glucose.
* Avoid high fibre foods and/or avoid high fat foods.
* Athlete needs to be hydrated/athlete drinks 200 – 600ml before event/up to 1l
an hour before race.
Carbohydrate loading maximises athletes muscle glycogen stores prior to race.
Carbohydrate loading is used in conjunction with tapering.
Athletes should consume 10 – 12 g of carbohydrate per kg of body mass to
carbohydrate load effectively.
During race
Glycogen stores become depleted during the event and need to be
replenished.
Athlete should consume 30 - 60 g carbohydrate per hour.
1–15
Carbohydrate should be high GI.
Avoid high fibre foods and/or avoid high fat foods.
‘Carbohydration’ as the practice meeting the refuelling requirements outlined above, and at the same time replaces any fluids lost through sweat.
Ingest electrolytes to decrease cramps/dehydration.
Athletes need to maintain hydration by consuming 500 - 1000 ml of fluid per hour (200-300 ml every 15-20 mins).
After the race
* Athlete must consume carbohydrate immediately after the event or be within 30 mins of completion.
* Carbohydrate should be high GI.
* Low GI meal should be consumed 4-6 hours after event to further replenish
glycogen stores.
* Protein needs to be consumed to aid in the repair of muscle tissue.
* Ingest electrolytes to replace essential minerals and assist recovery
* Athlete replaces lost fluid.
define social loafing
lessing of effect of an individual due to the presence of other team mates
what do you talk about when referring to cold conditions
vasoconstriction
shivering which depletes glycogen stores
what are some illegal stimulates
cocaine, meth, ADD medication
what do stimulates do
act on the CNS to stimulate the brain and increase heart rate
mask tiredness, glycogen sparing- free fatty acids
2 negatives of stimulates
headaches, withdraws
what do you need to include when talking about humidity
water and hydration
what do you need to include to the sliding filament theory
binding sites revealed for myosin to be attached to
what do you need to include in your answers about periodisation
Definition of periodisation
Micorcycle
Macocycle
Pre-season
In-season
Off-season
Recovery/transition
Tapering
Peaking
Progressive overload
Maintaince
what should u include in your answers about diet and nutrition
When talking about nutrition ensure to include actual examples of food
definition of projectile range
The horizontal displacement of the projectile is called the range of the projectile
what is myogobin responsible for
responsible for transporting O2 molecules to the mitochondria therefore improving the rate of ATP production
what is a motor unit
the motor unit is the motor neauron and everything that connects to it and contracts all at the same time
what are most levers in the body
third class- Most levers in the body are designed for generating speed
how do you increase the cohension of a team
Encourage social interaction outside of rowing training
Conduct team building activities to promote reliance on each other
Set individual/team goals to increase motivation/create buy-in from the members
Create informal/formal roles within the group to encourage players to take ownership of the team
Build team identity by establishing standards of presentation, having clear expectations/code of conduct
Foster a climate of trust and respect within the group by maintaining open and honest communication and prompt conflict resolution
Other valid responses may be accepted
how do you increase your angular momentum at take off
have a running start, increasing your linear momentum which will then be transferred into angular momentum
more effective segmental interaction at take off
pushing hard when jumpering, (newtons third law )
what is angular momentum a product of
is the product of angular velocity and moment of inertia
what causes the sliding filament theory to start
motor neuron stimulates the muscle fibre with a neural impulse
how is difficult added to shaping training activity
through modified conditions
how can balance be achieved
through the even distribution of forces around the base of support
define momentum
a combination of mass (how big an object is) and how velocity (fast it is moving ) = m x v
how can you increase momentum
increase its mass
increasing the velocity
both 1 and 2
what are examples of where a long force arm would be used
good for gymnastics
weightlifting as smaller arms and legs so smaller resistance arms (can produce a lot of force easier)
