Exam

Question 1

What are the levels of organisation?

Answer 1

Atoms, Bioelements, Biomolecules, Cells, Tissue, Organs, Systems

Question 2

From most to least, Bioelements.

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur.

Question 3

What Biomolecules are there?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, Lipids/Fats, Proteins, Nucleic Acids/DNA

Question 4

What types of Cells are there?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.

Question 5

What types of tissue are there?

Answer 5

Nervous tissue, Muscle tissue, Conjunctive tissue (joints), Epithetical tissue.

Question 6

What are the characteristics of living things?

Answer 6

Nutrition, Respiration, Movement, Excretion, Growth, Reproduction, Sensitivity.

Question 7

What is nutrition?

Answer 7

Taking materials for growth and energy.

Question 8

What is Respiration?

Answer 8

Releasing energy from food.

Question 9

What is movement?

Answer 9

To be able to change positions.

Question 10

What is excretion?

Answer 10

The removal of toxic materials.

Question 11

What is growth?

Answer 11

To produce new cells.

Question 12

What is reproduction?

Answer 12

To produce offspring.

Question 13

What is sensitivity?

Answer 13

Being able to sense and respond to stimuli.

Question 14

What is biodiversity?

Answer 14

The variety of things in a specific location.

Question 15

What are the types of biodiversity?

Answer 15

Species, Ecosystem, Genetic.

Question 16

What is a mega diverse country?

Answer 16

A country with more than 70% of all biodiversity.

Question 17

What makes weather?

Answer 17

Temperature, Wind, Humidity, Precipitation.

Question 18

What is an endemic species?

Answer 18

A species that only lives in one location.

Question 19

How many organelles does a prokaryotic cell have?

Answer 19

Nine.

Question 20

What are the organelles of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 20

Plasma membrane, Cell Wall, Capsule, Ribosomes, Pilus, Flagellum, Cytoplasm, Nucleoid, Plasmid.

Question 21

[Prokaryotic] What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 21

An outer covering that separates the cells interior from it’s surrounding environment. It allows entrance to the cell.

Question 22

[Prokaryotic] What is the cell wall?

Answer 22

A wall that provides an extra layer of protection to the cell. It maintains the shape and prevents dehydration.

Question 23

[Prokaryotic] What is the capsule?

Answer 23

For bacteria that make us sick, it is a defence mechanism against our immune system.

Question 24

[Prokaryotic] What are ribosomes?

Answer 24

Little balls that synthesise (create) proteins.

Question 25

[Prokaryotic] What are the pilus?

Answer 25

Little hairs that help the cell attach to surfaces.

Question 26

[Prokaryotic] What is the flagellum?

Answer 26

The sort of tail that acts as a rotatory motor to help the cell move.

Question 27

[Prokaryotic] What is cytoplasm?

Answer 27

A gel-like fluid inside the cell that’s a medium for chemical reactions and provides a platform upon which organelles can operate.

Question 28

[Prokaryotic] What is the nucleoid?

Answer 28

DNA all together in little rings.

Question 29

[Prokaryotic] What is the plasmid?

Answer 29

For bacteria that make us sick, it passes traits the cell has acquired to other cells.

Question 30

How many organelles are there in a plant cell?

Answer 30

Thirteen.

Question 31

How many organelles are there in an animal cell?

Answer 31

Eleven.

Question 32

[Eukaryotic] What is the nucleus?

Answer 32

It contains genetic material/DNA of the cell.

Question 33

[Eukaryotic] What is the nucleolus?

Answer 33

It’s inside the nucleus. It synthesises ribosomes.

Question 34

[Eukaryotic] What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 34

Smooth: Synthesises lipids.
Rough: Has ribosomes attached to it. Synthesises proteins.

Question 35

[Eukaryotic] What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 35

It packages proteins into vesicles for excretion.

Question 36

[Eukaryotic] What is the Mitochondrion?

Answer 36

It is the powerhouse of the cell. It produces ATP-energy of the cell. Cellular respiration.

Question 37

[Eukaryotic] What is Cytoplasm?

Answer 37

Cytosol: Gel-like fluid.
Cytoskeleton: Provides internal support of the cell. Participates in the transportation of substances with tubes.

Question 38

[Eukaryotic] What is the vacuole?

Answer 38

Storage of nutrients and water.
Plants: One big vacuole.
Animals: Two or more small vacuoles.

Question 39

[Eukaryotic] What is the chloroplast?

Answer 39

It performs photosynthesis (6 CO2 + 6 H2O =with sunlight= C6 H12 O6/glucose)
Only in plant cells.

Question 40

[Eukaryotic] What is the cell wall?

Answer 40

Protection and support to the cell and avoids dehydration. Plants use cellulose to form their cell wall. Fungi use Chitin.
Only in plant cells.

Question 41

[Eukaryotic] What is the lysosome?

Answer 41

Eliminates unwanted material and waste.

Question 42

[Eukaryotic] What is the peroxisome?

Answer 42

Plants: They participate in growth and stomatal opening.
Animals: They participate in detoxification.

Question 43

[Eukaryotic] What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 43

It transports things in and out of the cell. Passive transport and Active transport. Made of phospholipids. Two layers.
Passive: Without atp.
Active: With atp.

Question 44

[Eukaryotic] What is osmosis?

Answer 44

Motion of water, to have equilibrium.

Question 45

What is ATP?

Answer 45

Cell energy.