Exam 1 Vocabulary

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

The complete genetic information of a species

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

The unit of heredity information (also a specific nucleotide sequence)

Question 3

Evolution

Answer 3

The change in gene frequencies over time within a population

Question 4

Gene expression

Answer 4

Consists of transcription of DNA into mRNA and translation of mRNA into a protein

Question 5

Homology

Answer 5

Similarity shared in ancestors

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

Any characteristic of an organism that can be measured by (eye color, hair color, amount of hormone produced, behaviors)

Question 7

Prokaryotes

Answer 7

Organisms that are made up of cells that lack a nucleus or any membrane enclosed organelles

Question 8

Eukaryotes

Answer 8

Made up of cells that possess a membrane bond nucleus that holds genetic material and has membrane bond organelles

Question 9

Chromosomes

Answer 9

Unpacked chromatin

Question 10

Human karyotype

Answer 10

Diploid , we have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes )

Question 11

Ploidy

Answer 11

Number of sets of chromosomes

Question 12

Haploid

Answer 12

1 set of every chromosomes

Question 13

Diploid

Answer 13

2 sets of every chromosome

Question 14

Centromere

Answer 14

Where chromatids are bond closely together

Question 15

Amino acids

Answer 15

Building block of polypeptides

Question 16

Transcription

Answer 16

The process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

Question 17

Translation

Answer 17

The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 18

Codons

Answer 18

Are a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 19

DNA replication

Answer 19

A process ensures that each daughter cell gets a copy of the genome and therefore successful inheritance of genetic traits

Question 20

Intron

Answer 20

The sequence of DNA in between exons that is initially copied into RNA but is cut out of the final RNA transcript and therefore doesn’t change the amino acid code

Question 21

Exon

Answer 21

A segment of DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.

Question 22

Cis regulatory

Answer 22

Regions of non coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes

Question 23

Transreulatory

Answer 23

Regulate expression of distant genes by combining with their target sequence

Question 24

Transitions

Answer 24

When one purine replaces another purine or one pyrimidine replaces the other pyrimidine

Question 25

Transversions

Answer 25

Changes in which a purine replace a pyrimidine

Question 26

Indels

Answer 26

Are insertion/deletion mutations that may involve one base or may bases

Question 27

Missense mutations

Answer 27

Are changes in which one amino acid is replaced by a different amino acid

Question 28

Nonsense mutations

Answer 28

Are changes in which a codon encoding an amino acid is replaced by a stop codon

Question 29

Tumor suppressor genes

Answer 29

Are genes in our genomes that encode proteins that function to keep cell division in check.