Exam 1-Vertebral Foramen

Question 1

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column?

Answer 1

cervical-triangluar
thoracic-oval
lumbar-triangluar
sacrum-trianglular

Question 2

At what vertebral level will the spinal cord terminate?

Answer 2

L1

Question 3

At what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate?

Answer 3

S2

Question 4

Wht are the segmental arteries?

Answer 4

the arteries whose branchessupply the vertebra or segment

Question 5

Identify all segmental arteries

Answer 5

vertebral, ascending cervical, deep cervical, superior (highest) intercostal, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, iliolumbar, lateral sacral and median (middle) sacral

Question 6

What are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine?

Answer 6

the verterbal artery, ascending cervical artery and deep cervical artery

Question 7

What are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

Answer 7

the deep cervical artery, superior (highest) intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery

Question 8

What are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine?

Answer 8

the lumbar arteries, ililumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median (middle) sacaral artery

Question 9

What segmental levels are supplied by the verterbal artery?

Answer 9

C1-C6

Question 10

What segmental levels are suppplied by the ascending cervical artery?

Answer 10

C1-C6

Question 11

What segmental levels are supplied by the deep cervical artery?

Answer 11

C7-T1

Question 12

What segmental levels are supplied by the superior (highest) intercostal artery?

Answer 12

T1, T2

Question 13

What segmental levels are suppliedv by the posterior intercostal artery?

Answer 13

T3-T11

Question 14

What segmental level(s) is/are supplied by the subcostal artery?

Answer 14

T12

Question 15

What segmental levels are supplied by the lumbar arteries?

Answer 15

L1-L4

Question 16

What segmental levels are supplied by the median (middle) sacral artery?

Answer 16

L5, S1-S5, coccyx

Question 17

What segmental levels are supplied by the iliolumbar artery?

Answer 17

L5, S1-S5, coccyx

Question 18

Which branches of thespinal artery supply the contentsof the epidural space?>

Answer 18

osseous arteries, anterior spinal cnala artery, posterior spinal canal artery

Question 19

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 19

anterior spinal canal artery and plexus

Question 20

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

Answer 20

posterior spinal canal artery and plexus

Question 21

Which branches of the spinal canal artery supply the contents of the subarachnoid space?

Answer 21

anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery

Question 22

Which vessel will supply the venteral/anterior nerve rootlet and nerve root?

Answer 22

anterior radicular artery

Question 23

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve rootlets,nerve root and nerve root ganglion?

Answer 23

posterior radicular artery

Question 24

What is the name given to the artery that lies in front of the spinal cord along its length?

Answer 24

anterior spinal artery

Question 25

The anterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 25

the vertebral artery

Question 26

Is the anterior spinal artery a single continuous atery along the spinal cord?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

As the anterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

Answer 27

anteior medullary feeder arteries

Question 28

The posterior spinal artery is a branch of what artery?

Answer 28

the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 29

What is the position of the posterior spinal artery relative to the spinal cord?

Answer 29

it lies in the posteriolateral sulcus along the spinal cord

Question 30

Is the posterior spinal artery a single, continuous artery along the spinal cord?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

As the posterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

Answer 31

posterior medullary feeder arteries

Question 32

What changes to the arterial vasa corona occur between C3 and C6?

Answer 32

right and left anterior spinal arteries fuse to become a single median anterior spinal artery, the right and left posterior spinal arteries are unchanged, and the 4 communicating arteries are reduced to 3 communicating arteries

Question 33

What arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord?

Answer 33

ventral,central,sulcal perforating perforating arteries

Question 34

What intramedullary branchessupply about 1/3 of the spinal cord?

Answer 34

pial perforating arteries

Question 35

What is the source for pial perforating arteries?

Answer 35

the pial plexus

Question 36

What is the primary artery supplementing the arterial vasa corona?

Answer 36

anteior medullary feeders and posterior medullary feeders

Question 37

What vessels drain the spinal cord?

Answer 37

pial veins

Question 38

Which vessels will drain the venous vasa corona?

Answer 38

anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins

Question 39

Which vessels will drain the ventral/anterior nerve roots?

Answer 39

anterior radicular veins

Question 40

Which vessels will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve roots?

Answer 40

posterior radicular veins

Question 41

What vessel will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion?

Answer 41

posterior radicular veins

Question 42

What veins will lie in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 42

pial veins, venous vasa corona, anterior longitudinal veins, communicating veins, anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins, anterior radicular veins, posterior radicular veins

Question 43

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 43

anterior internal vertebral plexus, basivertebral vein

Question 44

What veins are observed in the epidrual space near the ligementum flavum?

Answer 44

posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

Question 45

What venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 45

intervertebral veins

Question 46

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord (spinal medulla or medulla spinalis)

Answer 46

dura mater-tough mother arachnoid mater-spider mother pia mater-tender of delicate mother

Question 47

Name and locate each space formed between the osseous vertebral foramen and the spinal cord (spinal medulla or medulla spinalis)

Answer 47

epidural space-between the vertebral foramen and the dura mater subdural space-between the dura mater and subarachnoid mater subarachnoid space-between the dura mater and pia mater

Question 48

What is the name given to the fluid within the epidural space?

Answer 48

interstitial fluid

Question 49

What are the contents of the epidural space?

Answer 49

anterior and posterior spinal canal artery and plexus anterior and posterior internal vertebral venous plexus basivertebral vein Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertberal/sinus vertebral nerve Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments ligamentum flavum posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 50

What of the contents of the epidural space will be found nearthe vertebral body?

Answer 50

anterior spinal canal artery and plexus anterior internal vertebral venous plexus basivertebral vein Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertberal/sinus vertebral nerve Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 51

Which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely to be located near or around the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 51

anterior spinal canal artery and plexus anterior internal vertebral venous plexus basivertebral vein Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertberal/sinus vertebral nerve Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments

Question 52

Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the lamina?

Answer 52

posterior spinal canal artery and plexus posterior internal vertebral venous plexus ligamentum flavum

Question 53

What is the name given to the fluid within the subarachnoid space?

Answer 53

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 54

What are the typical contents of the subarachnoid space down to level C3?

Answer 54

``` Arteries: anterior spinal posterior spinal communicating aterial vasa corona pial perforating central/sulcal perforating anterior radicular posterior radicular anterior medullary feeder posterior medullary feeder dentate/denticulate ligament ``` ``` Veins: anterior longitudinal posterior longitudinal communicating venous vasa corona pial anterior radicular posterior radicular anterior medullary posterior medullary intervertebral ```

Question 55

What contents of the subarachnoid space are changed below level C6?

Answer 55

the arterial vasa corona consists of 1 anterior spinal artery, 2 posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries

Question 56

What is the name given to the lateral extension of the pia mater along the spinal cord?

Answer 56

dentate (denticulate) ligamen

Question 57

What is the unique feature of the veins along the spinal canal?

Answer 57

they lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins