Exam 1-Diarthosis...Common Features

Question 1

What are the four constituent features of synovail (diarthrosis) joints?

Answer 1

articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid

Question 2

Thickening of the fibrous capsule connective tissue will form the

Answer 2

capsular ligament

Question 3

What generic accessory ligaments may accompany and support the capsular ligament?

Answer 3

intracapsular and extracapsular ligaments

Question 4

What are the characteristics of the type I articular receptors?

Answer 4

located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble Ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joint “at rest”

Question 5

What are the characteristics of type II articular receptors?

Answer 5

loacted in the deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, resemble pacinian corpuscles, most numerous in the cervical spoine and monitor joint during normal range of motion

Question 6

What are the characteristics of type III articular receptors?

Answer 6

present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments, resemble Golgi tendon organs, not initially observed along the veretebral column and monitor extreme joint motion

Question 7

What is the function of type IV articular receptors?

Answer 7

nociceptive, they monitor pain

Question 8

Type IVa articular receptors would be present in what locations?

Answer 8

fibrous capsule, articular fat pads or adventitia of blood vessels

Question 9

Type IVb articular receptors would be presentin what locations?

Answer 9

accessory ligaments in general, dense in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

Question 10

Type IV articular receptors would be absent in what part(s) of the synovial (diarthrosis) joint?

Answer 10

synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial menisci or intra-articular discs

Question 11

What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?

Answer 11

1 synovial villi
2 articular fat pads or Haversian glands
3 synovial menisci and intra-articular discs

Question 12

What is the generic finction of modifications of articular synovial membrane?

Answer 12

aid in spreading synovial fluid

Question 13

What is the apparent function of synovial villi?

Answer 13

increase the surface of synovial membrane available for secretion-reabsoption phenomena

Question 14

Where are the articular fat pads located?

Answer 14

in the fibrous layer of synovial membrane; they are absent from articular cartilage, synovial menisci, intra-articluar discs

Question 15

Articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?

Answer 15

lumbar zygapophyses

Question 16

Intra-articular discs are a feature of what joint examples?

Answer 16

temporomandibular, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and radio-ulnar joints

Question 17

Synovial menisci are a feature of what joint examples?

Answer 17

femur-tibia articulation, cervical zygapophyses and lumbar zygapophyses

Question 18

What are the layers of the synovail membrane?

Answer 18

outer fibrous layer and an inner (lumenal) cellular layer AKA synovial lamina intima

Question 19

What is the specific function of type a synovial cells?

Answer 19

are phagocytic

Question 20

What is the specific function of type B synovial cells?

Answer 20

secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid

Question 21

What are theprimary constituents of articular cartilage?

Answer 21

water, cells, collagen type II fibers, and a proteoglycan gel

Question 22

What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?

Answer 22

form a network for water retention

Question 23

What is implied whencarilage is said to have elastic properties?

Answer 23

cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property

Question 24

What is impled when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?

Answer 24

cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property

Question 25

Which theory of joint lubrication implied a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid?

Answer 25

weeping theory

Question 26

Which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss from the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining synovial fluid?

Answer 26

boosted theory

Question 27

Which theory of joint lubrication implies an adsorption of lubrication onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement?

Answer 27

boundary theory

Question 28

What are the properties of synovial fluid?

Answer 28

it is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline and tastes salty

Question 29

Which substance in synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

Answer 29

hylauronate

Question 30

What substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

Answer 30

lubricin