Exam 1-Cells Matrix, Ossification, Bone Density, Bone Variation

Question 1

The four basic tissues of the human body

Answer 1

epithelial
muscle
neural
connective tissues

Question 2

What is osetology?

Answer 2

the study of bone

Question 3

The three primary cell types of bone

Answer 3

osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

Question 4

The function of each cell type

Answer 4

osteoblasts-form bone
osteocytes-maintain or nuture bone
osteoclasts-remodel bone

Question 5

What are bone cells embedded in?

Answer 5

an amorphous matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers, and various materials

Question 6

What is the primary constituent of the ground substance?

Answer 6

glycosaminoglycans

Question 7

What types of glycosaminoglycans dominate in bone?

Answer 7

chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfates and hyularonic acid

Question 8

What is the principal type of protein fiber in bone?

Answer 8

collagen type I

Question 9

What are the primary constituents of bone mineral?

Answer 9

calcium, phosphate, citrate and carbonate ions

Question 10

What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?

Answer 10

hydroxyapatite

Question 11

Bone is also the repository for what additional ions?

Answer 11

sodium, magnesium, fluoride, lead, strontium, and radium

Question 12

What is wolff’s law as it pertain’s to bone?

Answer 12

living tissue will respond to stressors; boen is formed or absorbed in response to stress

Question 13

What are the three responses of bone that allow it to be described as “living”?

Answer 13

ability to heal, to remodel, and to age

Question 14

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?

Answer 14

intramembranous ossification

Question 15

What is the timing for the apperance of intramembranous ossificaiton?

Answer 15

from the second to third month in utero

Question 16

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?

Answer 16

endochondral ossification

Question 17

What is the timing for the apperance of endochondral ossification?

Answer 17

from the second to fifth month in utero

Question 18

What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossificaiton?

Answer 18

chondocranium

Question 19

Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Answer 19

the clavicle

Question 20

What are the names given to the center of ossificaiton based on time of apperance?

Answer 20

primary centers of ossification before birth

secondary centers of ossificaiton after birth

Question 21

Mature bone is described as being composed of what areas based on bone density?

Answer 21

cortical or compact bone and spongy, cancellous or trabecular bone

Question 22

What is the name given to bone below the articular surface?

Answer 22

subchondral bone

Question 23

What is the name of the outer fibro-cellular covering of bone?

Answer 23

the periosteum

Question 24

What is the name given to the fibro-cellular lining of bone?

Answer 24

the endosteum

Question 25

What is the primary source of variation observed in bone?

Answer 25

sexual dimorphism (gender variation), ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation), geographic or population-based variation (ethnic variation) and idiosyncratic variation (individual variation)