Exam 1-Cells Matrix, Ossification, Bone Density, Bone Variation Flashcards
The four basic tissues of the human body
epithelial
muscle
neural
connective tissues
What is osetology?
the study of bone
The three primary cell types of bone
osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
The function of each cell type
osteoblasts-form bone
osteocytes-maintain or nuture bone
osteoclasts-remodel bone
What are bone cells embedded in?
an amorphous matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers, and various materials
What is the primary constituent of the ground substance?
glycosaminoglycans
What types of glycosaminoglycans dominate in bone?
chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfates and hyularonic acid
What is the principal type of protein fiber in bone?
collagen type I
What are the primary constituents of bone mineral?
calcium, phosphate, citrate and carbonate ions
What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?
hydroxyapatite
Bone is also the repository for what additional ions?
sodium, magnesium, fluoride, lead, strontium, and radium
What is wolff’s law as it pertain’s to bone?
living tissue will respond to stressors; boen is formed or absorbed in response to stress
What are the three responses of bone that allow it to be described as “living”?
ability to heal, to remodel, and to age
What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?
intramembranous ossification
What is the timing for the apperance of intramembranous ossificaiton?
from the second to third month in utero
What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?
endochondral ossification
What is the timing for the apperance of endochondral ossification?
from the second to fifth month in utero
What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossificaiton?
chondocranium
Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?
the clavicle
What are the names given to the center of ossificaiton based on time of apperance?
primary centers of ossification before birth
secondary centers of ossificaiton after birth
Mature bone is described as being composed of what areas based on bone density?
cortical or compact bone and spongy, cancellous or trabecular bone
What is the name given to bone below the articular surface?
subchondral bone
What is the name of the outer fibro-cellular covering of bone?
the periosteum
What is the name given to the fibro-cellular lining of bone?
the endosteum
