Exam 1-General Organization of a Vertebra

Question 1

What are the three basic osseous parts of a vertebra?

Answer 1

the vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions

Question 2

What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

Answer 2

cervical-rectangular; thoracic-trianglular; lumbar-reniform

Question 3

What is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

Answer 3

superior epiphyeal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

Question 4

What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of the developing vertbral body?

Answer 4

superior epiphyseal plate and inferior epiphyseal plate

Question 5

What are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body?

Answer 5

nutrient foramina or vascular foramina

Question 6

What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body?

Answer 6

the basivertebral venous foramen

Question 7

What is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch?

Answer 7

the pedicle

Question 8

What is the name given to the feature located at rhe upper and lower surfaces of the pedicle?

Answer 8

the superior vertbral notch or superior vertebral incisure; the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

Question 9

What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine?

Answer 9

cervical-posterolateral
thoracic- posterior, slight lateral
lumbar- posterior

Question 10

All lamina are orientated in waht direction?

Answer 10

posterior and median

Question 11

What ligament will attach to the lamina?

Answer 11

the ligamentum flavum

Question 12

What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum?

Answer 12

para-articular process

Question 13

What classification of bone will para-articular processes represent?

Answer 13

accessory bone

Question 14

What is the name given to the overlap of laminae seen on X-ray

Answer 14

shingling

Question 15

What is the name given to the lamina-pedicle junction at each region of the spine?

Answer 15

cervical-articular pillar; thoracic and lumbar - pars interarticularis

Question 16

What is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch-spinous on lateral x-ray?

Answer 16

the spinolaminar junction

Question 17

What is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch?

Answer 17

the apophyseal regions

Question 18

What names may be given to each apophysis of the spine?

Answer 18

the transverse apophysis or transverse process; articular apophysis or articular process; spinous apophysis orspinous process

Question 19

What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?

Answer 19

cervical-anterolateral; thoracic-posterolateral; lumbar-lateral

Question 20

All non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature?

Answer 20

the costal element

Question 21

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process?

Answer 21

the transverse tubercle

Question 22

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

Answer 22

cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervicaland brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

Question 23

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

Answer 23

the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward.

Question 24

What will the articular process/articularapophysis support?

Answer 24

the articular facet

Question 25

What is the name given to the joint formed between articular facets of a vertebral couple?

Answer 25

the zygapophysis

Question 26

What is the name given to the bone surface at the front of a zygapophysis?

Answer 26

the superior articular facet

Question 27

What is the name given to the bone surface at the back of a zygapophysis?

Answer 27

the inferior articular facet

Question 28

What names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the front of the zygapophysis?

Answer 28

the superior articular apophysis, the superior artiuclar process, or the pre-zygapophysis

Question 29

What are the name given to the part of the vertebra which supports the back of the zygapophysis?

Answer 29

the inferior articular apophysis, the inferior articular process, or the post-zygapophysis

Question 30

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the pre-zygapophysis?

Answer 30

the superior articular preocces or superior articular apophysis

Question 31

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis?

Answer 31

the inferior articular process or inferior articular apophysis

Question 32

What will form the postertior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 32

the inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

Question 33

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 33

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

Question 34

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 34

the superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

Question 35

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 35

the vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 36

What is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/spinous apophysis?

Answer 36

calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/spinous apophysis and the horizontal plane

Question 37

What is the name given to the overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on X-ray?

Answer 37

imbrication

Question 38

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/spinous apophysis?

Answer 38

the spinous tubercle

Question 39

The orientatiuon of the spinous process/spinous apophysis at each region of the spine?

Answer 39

cervical-slight angle inferiorly thoracic-noticeable angle inferiorly lumbar-no inferior angle