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spinal > exam 1 vertebral foramen > Flashcards

exam 1 vertebral foramen Flashcards

1
Q

what is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column?

A

cervical– triangular
thoracic– oval
lumbar– triangular
sacrum– triangular

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2
Q

at what vertebral level will the spinal cord typically terminate?

A

L1

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3
Q

at what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate?

A

S2

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4
Q

what are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine?

A

the vertebral artery, ascending cervical artery and deep cervical arter

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5
Q

what are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

A

the deep cervical artery, superior intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery

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6
Q

what are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine?

A

the lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median sacral artery

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7
Q

what are the segmental arteries of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

A

the iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median sacral artery

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8
Q

what are the segmental arteries of the sacrum?

A

the iliolumbar artery, the lateral sacral artery and median sacral artery

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9
Q

what segmental levels are supplied by the vertebral artery?

A

C1-C6

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10
Q

what segmental levels are supplied by the ascending cervical artery?

A

C1-C6

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11
Q

what segmental levels are supplied by the deep cervical artery?

A

C7-T1

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12
Q

what segmental levels are supplied by the superior intercostal artery?

A

T1, T2

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13
Q

what segmental levels are supplied by the posterior intercostal artery?

A

T3-T11

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14
Q

what segmental levels are supplied by the subcostal artery?

A

T12

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15
Q

what segmental levels are supplied by the lumbar arteries?

A

L1-L4

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16
Q

what segmental levels are supplied by the median sacral artery?

A

L5, S1-S5 and coccyx

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17
Q

what segmental levels are supplied by the iliolumbar artery?

A

L5, S1-S5 and coccyx

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18
Q

which vertebra has the greatest number of segmental arteries associated with it?

A

L5

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19
Q

what are the segmental arteries for L5?

A

iliolumbar, median sacral and lateral sacral

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20
Q

what branch of the segmental artery supplies the vertebra and the paravertebral region?

A

dorsospinal artery

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21
Q

which artery is primarily observed in the distal part of the intervertebral foramen?

A

spinal artery

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22
Q

which branch of the dorsospinal artery will penetrate the meninges to enter subarachnoid space?

A

spinal artery

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23
Q

what are the branches of the spinal artery?

A

osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery, anterior radicular artery and posterior radicular artery

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24
Q

which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the epidural space?

A

osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery

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25
Q

what arteries are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

anterior spinal canal artery and plexus

26
Q

what arteries are observed in the epidural space near ligamentum flavum?

A

posterior spinal canal artery and plexus

27
Q

which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the subarachnoid space?

A

anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery

28
Q

which vessel will supply the ventral/anterior nerve rootlet and nerve?

A

anterior radicular artery

29
Q

which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve rootlets, nerve root and nerve root ganglion?

A

posterior radicular artery

30
Q

what is the location and number of medullary feeder arteries present in the adult?

A

9 anterior and 12 posterior medullary feeder arteries

31
Q

what is the name given to the artery that lies in front of the spinal cord along its length?

A

anterior spinal artery

32
Q

the anterior spinal artery is a branch of what artery?

A

the vertebral artery

33
Q

is the anterior spinal artery a single, continuous artery along the spinal cord?

A

no

34
Q

as the anterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

A

anterior medullary feeder arteries

35
Q

the posterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

A

the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

36
Q

what is the position of the posterior spinal artery relative to the spinal cord?

A

it lies in the posterolateral sulcus along the spinal cord

37
Q

is the posterior spinal artery a single continuous artery along the spinal cord?

A

no

38
Q

as the posterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give it the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

A

posterior medullary feeder arteries

39
Q

what forms the arterial vasa corona above C3?

A

right and left anterior spinal arteries, right and left posterior spinal arteries and 4 communicating arteries

40
Q

what forms the arterial vasa corona below C6?

A

a median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries and 3 communicating arteries

41
Q

what is the generic name given to arteries that penetrate the spinal cord?

A

intramedullary arteries

42
Q

what are the intramedullary branches of the arterial vasa corona?

A

pial perforating arteries, central/ventral/sulcal perforating arteries

43
Q

what arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord?

A

ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries

44
Q

what intramedullary branches supply about one third of the spinal cord?

A

pial perforating arteries

45
Q

what is the source for pial perforating arteries?

A

the pial plexus

46
Q

what is the primary artery supplementing the arterial vasa corona?

A

anterior medullary feeders and posterior medullary feeders

47
Q

what vessels drain the spinal cord?

A

pial veins

48
Q

what will pial veins drain into?

A

venous vasa corona

49
Q

which vessels form the venous vasa corona?

A

right and left anterior longitudinal veins, right and left posterior longitudinal veins and 4 communicating veins

50
Q

which vessels will drain the venous vasa corona?

A

anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins

51
Q

what vessel will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion?

A

posterior radicular veins

52
Q

what veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral vein

53
Q

what veins are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

A

posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

54
Q

what venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen?

A

intervertebral veins

55
Q

identify the meninges of the spinal cord (spinal medulla or medulla spinalis)

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

56
Q

what is the name given to the fluid within the epidural space?

A

interstitial fluid

57
Q

which meningeal space is now thought to be a potential space, not an actual space?

A

subdural space– between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

58
Q

which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely located near or around the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

anterior spinal canal artery and plexus, anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral vein, recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve, Hofmann/anterior dural/meningeovertebral ligaments

59
Q

what is the name given to the fluid present within the subdrual space?

A

serous fluid

60
Q

what is the name given to the fluid with in the subarachnoid space?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

61
Q

what is the name given to the lateral extension of pia mater along the spinal cord?

A

dentate (denticulate) ligament

62
Q

what is the unique feature of veins along the spinal canal?

A

they lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins

spinal (7 decks)

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