exam 1 arthrology Flashcards
what term is used to identify the study of ligaments?
syndesmology
what are the three histological classification of joints?
fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial fluid
what is the classification of a saddle type synovial joint?
sellar
what are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?
they are primary cartilage joints, temporary in longevity, composed of hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers within a cartilage template
what are the examples of a permanent (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?
costochondral joints or the first sternochondral joint
what are the characteristics of a (amphiarthrosis) symphysis?
limited motion, median plane location, support ligaments both anterior and posterior to the joint, more permanent in longevity than synchondrosis and they occur between bones developing by endochondral ossification
which example of a (amphiarthrosis) symphysis is temporary?
symphysis menti
what are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?
articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid
what are the characteristics of the type I articular receptors?
located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joint “at rest”
what are the characteristics of type II articular receptors?
located in deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, resemble pacinian corpuscles, most numerous in the cervical spine and monitor the joint during normal range of motion
what are the characteristics of type III articular receptors?
present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments, resemble golgi tendon organs, not initially observed along the vertebral column and monitor extreme joint motion
what is the function of type IV articular receptors?
nociceptive, they monitor pain
Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?
accessory ligaments in general, dense in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
what are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?
1) synovial villi
2) articular fat pads or Haversion glands
3) synovial menisci and intra-articular discs
articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?
lumbar zygapophyses
intra-articular discs are a feature of what joints examples?
temporomandibular, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and radio-ulnar joints
synovial menisci are a feature of what joint examples?
femur-tibia articulation, cervical zygapophyses and lumbar zygapophyses
what are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?
are phagocytic
what are the specific functions of type B synovial cells?
secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid
which collagen fiber type predominates in articular cartilage?
type II
what is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?
form a network for water retention
what is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?
cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property
what is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?
cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property
which theory of joint lubrications implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial joint?
weeping theory
