Exam 1 Study Unabridged

Question 1

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Cholinergic agonist (direct-acting); muscarinic and nicotinic; decrease CO, HR, BP, increase GI/bladder motility, increase secretions, miosis

Question 2

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Bethanechol

Answer 2

Cholinergic agonist (direct-acting); muscarinic; increase GI/bladder motility; treats neurogenic atony and megacolon

Question 3

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Carbachol

Answer 3

Cholinergic agonist (direct-acting); muscarinic and nicotinic; decrease CO, HR, BP, increase GI/bladder motility, release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla, miosis and cycloplegia; treats glaucoma (onset of 10-20 min, duration 4-8 hours)

Question 4

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pilocarpine

Answer 4

Cholinergic agonist (direct-acting); muscarinic; tertiary amine; miosis and cycloplegia; increase secretions (very potent); treats xerostomia and Sjogren’s syndrome (dry mouth/lack of tears), also treats glaucoma (drug of choice for emergency IOP decrease; onset within minutes, duration 4-8 hours); if enters CNS it is toxic (treat with atropine)

Question 5

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Edrophonium

Answer 5

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); used to diagnose MG

Question 6

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Physostigmine

Answer 6

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); increase intestinal/bladder motility; miosis/cycloplegia; treats glaucoma (not as effective as pilocarpine) and OD of atropine, phenothiazines, and TCAs; can cross BBB

Question 7

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Neostigmine

Answer 7

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); increased GI/bladder motility; treats OD of tubocurarine; treats MG symptomatically; contraindicated when GI/bladder obstruction is present

Question 8

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pyridostigmine

Answer 8

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats chronic MG; duration 3-6 hours (longer than neostigmine)

Question 9

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Ambenonium

Answer 9

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats chronic MG; duration 4-8 hours (longer than neostigmine)

Question 10

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tacrine

Answer 10

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats Alzheimer disease; has hepatotoxic effects; GI distress is primary adverse effect

Question 11

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Donepezil

Answer 11

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats Alzheimer disease; GI distress is primary adverse effect

Question 12

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Rivastigmine

Answer 12

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats Alzheimer disease; GI distress is primary adverse effect

Question 13

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Galantamine

Answer 13

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats Alzheimer disease; GI distress is primary adverse effect

Question 14

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Hemicholinium

Answer 14

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); blocks the sodium cotransporter and hence reuptake of ACh

Question 15

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Vesamicol

Answer 15

Cholinergic antagonist (indirect-acting, reversible); blocks the the storage of ACh in the presynaptic neuron

Question 16

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Echothiophate

Answer 16

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, irreversible); causes paralysis of motor function; treats glaucoma (but can cause cataracts); its OD is treated by atropine

Question 17

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pralidoxime

Answer 17

Acetylcholinesterase reactivator if introduced before aging; used to reverse effects of echothiophate

Question 18

Where in the sympathetic nervous system can postsynaptic muscainic receptors be found?

Answer 18

Sweat and salivary glands.

Question 19

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Atropine

Answer 19

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; binds competitively; mydriasis, cycloplegia, decrease GI/bladder motility, decrease secretions; low dose decrease HR, high dose slightly increase HR; treats OD of echothiophate and AChE inhibitors; SE dry mouth, blurred vision, “sandy eyes”, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation; CNS SE, restlessness, confusion, halucinations, delirium

Question 20

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Scopolamine

Answer 20

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; tertiary amine; mydriasis, cycloplegia, decrease GI/bladder motility, decreased secretions; treats motion sickness prophylactically, can be used as a short-term memory blocker

Question 21

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Ipratropium

Answer 21

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats COPD; is a quaternary derivative of atropine, hence does not enter CNS or systemic circulation; requires dosing up to four times a day

Question 22

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tiotropium

Answer 22

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats COPD; is a quaternary derivative of atropine, hence does not enter CNS or systemic circulation; requires dosing only once a day

Question 23

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tropicamide

Answer 23

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; mydriasis and cycloplegia; duration of action 6 hours

Question 24

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Cyclopentolate

Answer 24

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; mydriasis and cycloplegia; duration of action 24 hours

Question 25

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Benztropine

Answer 25

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; acts in CNS; treats Parkinson disease

Question 26

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Trihexyphenidyl

Answer 26

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; acts in CNS; treats Parkinson disease

Question 27

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Darifenacin

Answer 27

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; decrease bladder motility; treats overactive urinary bladder disease; SE of dry mouth, constipation, and blurry vision

Question 28

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Fesoterodine

Answer 28

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; decrease bladder motility; treats overactive urinary bladder disease; SE of dry mouth, constipation, and blurry vision

Question 29

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Oxybutynin

Answer 29

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; decrease bladder motility; treats overactive urinary bladder disease; available as a transdermal system, making it better tolerable than other drugs for overactive urinary bladder disease

Question 30

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Solifenacin

Answer 30

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; decrease bladder motility; treats overactive urinary bladder disease; SE of dry mouth, constipation, and blurry vision

Question 31

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tolterodine

Answer 31

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; decrease bladder motility; treats overactive urinary bladder disease; SE of dry mouth, constipation, and blurry vision

Question 32

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Trospium chloride

Answer 32

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; decrease bladder motility; treats overactive urinary bladder disease; SE of dry mouth, constipation, and blurry vision

Question 33

What are some general features of ganglionic blockers?

Answer 33

Vasodilation, atony of bladder/GI, cycloplegia, xerostomia, tachycardia

Question 34

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Nicotine

Answer 34

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (ganglionic blocker); depolarizes autonomic ganglia, resulting first in stimulation then in paralysis; enhances release of dopamine and NE to cause pleasure and appetite control; has no therepeutic benefit

Question 35

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Mecamylamine

Answer 35

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (ganglionic blocker); competitive

Question 36

What are some central muscle relaxants?

Answer 36

Baclofen, diazepam, dantrolene.

Question 37

What are some uses for nondepolarizing NMJ blockers?

Answer 37

Shorten the duration of neostigmine, pyridostigmine, and edrophonium.

Question 38

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Atracurium

Answer 38

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive; adjuvant during surgery for complete muscle relaxation; spontaneously degrades in plasma (metabolism is independent of heptic/renal function); SE of histamine release (potential seizures)

Question 39

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Cisatracurium

Answer 39

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive; adjuvant during surgery for complete muscle relaxation; spontaneously degrades in plasma (metabolism is independent of heptic/renal function); less likely to release histamine than atracurium

Question 40

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pancuronium

Answer 40

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive; adjuvant during surgery for complete muscle relaxation; increase HR

Question 41

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Rocuronium

Answer 41

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive; adjuvant during surgery for complete muscle relaxation

Question 42

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tubocurarine

Answer 42

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive; adjuvant during surgery for complete muscle relaxation; no longer in use

Question 43

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Vecuronium

Answer 43

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive; adjuvant during surgery for complete muscle relaxation

Question 44

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Succinylcholine

Answer 44

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); depolarizing; causes first fasciculations then paralysis; used for intubation due to rapid onset and short duration; can cause hyperthermia (when used with halothane), apnea (with pts who are genetically deficient in plasma cholinesterase), and hyperkalemia

Question 45

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Epinephrine

Answer 45

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha (predominant at high dose) and beta (predominant at low dose); increase contractility (positive ionotropic beta1) and HR (chronotropic beta1); beta1 effect on kidney causes renin relase, leads to vasoconstriction in viscera and vasodilation in liver and skeletal muscles (increase systolic BP, decrease diastolic BP), bronchodilation, hyperglycemia; treats bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest; used as an adjunct in anesthetic to vasoconstrict around area of injection

Question 46

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Norepinephrine

Answer 46

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha; vasoconstriction in peripheral tissue due to renin (alpha1) effect, increase systolic and diastolic BP, reflex bradycardia; treats shock

Question 47

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Dopamine

Answer 47

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha1 at high dose and beta1 at low dose; found in basal ganglia; increase renal blood flow and CO; treats cardiogenic and septic shock as well as hypotension and severe congestive heart failure

Question 48

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Isoproterenol

Answer 48

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta; increase HR, contraction, and CO, decrease peripheral resistance (slight increase in systolic pressure, decrease in diastolic), bronchodilation, increase blood sugar and lipolysis; used to stimulate heart in emergencies; treats AV block or cardiac arrest

Question 49

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Fenoldopam

Answer 49

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha2 and D1; treats hypertension (rapid-acting) by causing vasodilation through D1 receptor activation

Question 50

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Dobutamine

Answer 50

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta1; increase HR and CO; treats acute congestive heart failure

Question 51

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Oxymetazoline

Answer 51

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha; treats red eye and nasal decongestion (duration 12 hours)

Question 52

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Phenylephrine

Answer 52

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha1; mydriasis and nasal decongestion (duration 4 hours); large doses cause hypertensive HA

Question 53

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Clonidine

Answer 53

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha2; decrease BP; treats essential hypertension (due to alpha2 activation, decreases NE release presynaptically); treats withdrawal from opiates, tobacco, benzodiazepines; abrupt withdrawal leads to rebound hypertension; acts centrally to decrease sympathetic outflow to periphery

Question 54

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Metaproterenol

Answer 54

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2

Question 55

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Albuterol

Answer 55

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2; bronchodilation (duration 3 hours)

Question 56

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Terbutaline

Answer 56

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2; bronchodilation; used off-label as uterine relaxant to suppress premature labor

Question 57

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Salmeterol

Answer 57

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2; bronchodilation (onset delayed, duration >12 hours); agent of choice for nocturnal asthma

Question 58

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Formoterol

Answer 58

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2; bronchodilation (duration >12 hours); agent of choice for nocturnal asthma

Question 59

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Amphetamine

Answer 59

Adrenergic agonist (indirect-acting); blocks NE reuptake and causes release of stored catecholamines; increase BP; treat hyperactivity in children, narcolepsy, appetite control

Question 60

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tyramine

Answer 60

Adrenergic agonist (indirect-acting); found in fermented foods such as Chianti wine and aged cheese

Question 61

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Cocaine

Answer 61

Adrenergic agonist (indirect-acting); increase BP; blocks ATPase pump for NE reuptake

Question 62

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Ephedrine

Answer 62

Adrenergic agonist (mixed-action); alpha and beta; bronchodilation, mild CNS stimulation; raises systolic and diastolic BP; nasal and sinus decongestant

Question 63

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pseudoephedrine

Answer 63

Adrenergic agonist (mixed-action); alpha and beta; has been illegally converted to methamphetamine

Question 64

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 64

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha; irreversible/noncompetitive; decrease peripheral resistance with reflex tachycardia, increase CO due to NE release from blocked alpha2 receptors in heart; treats pheochromocytoma, Raynaud disease, frostbite, acrocyanosis; can cause postural hypotension, nasal stuffiness, nausea, and vomiting

Question 65

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Phentolamine

Answer 65

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha; competitive; treats hypertensive crisis due to clonidine withdrawal or ingesting tyramine-containing foods in MOAI patients; can be used for impotence

Question 66

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Prazosin

Answer 66

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; treat hypertension; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime); minimal cardiac/renal effect; retains sodium, usually given with a diuretic

Question 67

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Terazosin

Answer 67

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; treat hypertension; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime); minimal cardiac/renal effect

Question 68

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Doxazosin

Answer 68

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; treat hypertension; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime); minimal cardiac/renal effect

Question 69

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tamsulosin

Answer 69

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1A; competitive; decrease peripheral resistance (minimal); treat benign prostatic hypertrophy; minimal cardiac/renal effect; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime); risk for floppy iris syndrome

Question 70

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Alfuzosin

Answer 70

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; decrease peripheral resistance (minimal); treat benign prostatic hypertrophy; minimal cardiac/renal effect; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime)

Question 71

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Yohimbine

Answer 71

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha2; competitive; sexual stimulant; relieve vasoconstriction of Raynaud disease

Question 72

In general, what are beta blockers used for?

Answer 72

Treating angina, arrhythmias, myocaridla infarction, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, and prophlylactic migraine. They also do not cause postural hypotension due to alpha receptors being spared.

Question 73

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Propanolol

Answer 73

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; has negative ionotropic and chronotropic effects (decrease CO); bronchoconstriction, perispheral vasoconstriction, increase sodium retention (use with diuretic), hypoglycemia

Question 74

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Timolol

Answer 74

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; reduces production of aqueous humor (treat open-angle glaucoma, with no effect on pupillary or cycloplegic effects; also carteolol and betaxolol); nonspecific, so must take care if patient has COPD or asthma

Question 75

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Nadolol

Answer 75

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; long duration of action

Question 76

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Acebutolol

Answer 76

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma or diabetic patients (due to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers); partial agonist of beta (weakly stimulates beta [has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity] yet inhibits stimulation by more potent adrenergic agonists); minimize disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 77

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Atenolol

Answer 77

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma or diabetic patients (due to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 78

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Bisoprolol

Answer 78

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma or diabetic patients (due to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 79

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Betaxolol

Answer 79

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; reduces production of aqueous humor (treat open-angle glaucoma, with no effect on pupillary or cycloplegic effects); treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma or diabetic patients (due to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 80

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Nebivolol

Answer 80

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma or diabetic patients (due to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 81

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Esmolol

Answer 81

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma or diabetic patients (due to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers); very short duration

Question 82

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pindolol

Answer 82

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; partial agonist of beta (weakly stimulates beta [has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity] yet inhibits stimulation by more potent adrenergic agonists); minimize disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 83

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Labetalol

Answer 83

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha and beta; peripheral vasodilation; treat hypertension in patients where decreased peripheral resistance is undesirable (black/elderly patients), treat pregnancy-induced hypertension; hypertensive emergency

Question 84

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Carvedilol

Answer 84

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha and beta; peripheral vasodilation; treat hypertension in patients where decreased peripheral resistance is undesirable; treat stable chronic heart failure, prevent cardiovascular mortalities in patients with heart failure

Question 85

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Resperine

Answer 85

Adrenergic antagonist; blocks storage of NE (through magnesium ATP transport), dopamine, and serotonin in vesicles (slow onset, long duration)

Question 86

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Guanethedine

Answer 86

Adrenergic antagonist; blocks release of stored NE

Question 87

What are the major effects mediated by alpha1 receptors?

Answer 87

Vasoconstriction, increased peripheral resistance, increased blood pressure, mydriasis, increased closure of internal sphincter of the bladder (urinary retention).

Question 88

What are the major effects mediated by alpha2 receptors?

Answer 88

Located presynaptically, they cause inhibition of NE release, inhibition of ACh release, inhibition of insulin release.

Question 89

What are the major effects mediated by beta1 receptors?

Answer 89

Tachycardia, increased lipolysis (for energy), increased myocardial contractility, increased release of renin (to increase BP).

Question 90

What are the major effects mediated by beta2 receptors?

Answer 90

Vasodilation (to get blood to muscles), decreased peripheral resistance, bronchodilation, increased muscle and liver glycogenolysis (for energy), increased release of glucagon, relaxed uterine smooth muscle.