Exam 1 Study--Adrenergic Drugs

Question 1

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Epinephrine

Answer 1

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha at high dose, beta at low dose; positive ionotropic and chronotropic beta1; beta1 effect on kidney causes renin relase; increase SBP, slight decrease DBP; treats bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest, adjunct anesthetic (1:100,000 parts)

Question 2

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Norepinephrine

Answer 2

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha; vasoconstriction in peripheral tissue, increase SDBP, bradycardia through baroreceptor reflex (vagal stimulation); treats shock

Question 3

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Dopamine

Answer 3

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha1 at high dose and beta1 at low dose; found in basal ganglia; increase renal blood flow through D1 and D2 (presynpatic) activation; treats cardiogenic and septic shock as well as hypotension and severe congestive heart failure (beta1 increases CO and alpha1 increases peripheral resistance)

Question 4

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Isoproterenol

Answer 4

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta1 and beta2; intense stimulation of heart, slight increase in SBP, great decrease in DBP, increase blood sugar and lipolysis; treats AV block or cardiac arrest

Question 5

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Fenoldopam

Answer 5

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha2 (moderate) and D1; treats hypertension (rapid-acting) by causing vasodilation through D1 receptor activation

Question 6

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Dobutamine

Answer 6

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta1; treats acute congestive heart failure by increasing CO

Question 7

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Oxymetazoline

Answer 7

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha1 and alpha2; treats red eye and nasal decongestion (spray)

Question 8

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Phenylephrine

Answer 8

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha1; mydriasis and nasal decongestion

Question 9

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Clonidine

Answer 9

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha2; treats essential hypertension (lowered BP due to alpha2 activation, decreases NE release presynaptically); treats withdrawal from opiates, tobacco, benzodiazepines; abrupt withdrawal leads to rebound hypertension; acts centrally to decrease sympathetic outflow to periphery

Question 10

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Metaproterenol

Answer 10

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); similar to isoproterenol, not used often due to more selective beta2 agonists

Question 11

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Albuterol

Answer 11

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2;bronchodilation, short-acting (duration <3 hours)

Question 12

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Terbutaline

Answer 12

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2;bronchodilation, short-acting (duration <3 hours)

Question 13

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Salmeterol

Answer 13

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2; bronchodilation, long-acting (duration >12 hours)

Question 14

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Formoterol

Answer 14

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2; bronchodilation, long-acting (duration >12 hours)

Question 15

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Amphetamine

Answer 15

Adrenergic agonist (indirect-acting); blocks NE reuptake and causes release of stored catecholamines; treat hyperactivity in children

Question 16

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tyramine

Answer 16

Adrenergic agonist (indirect-acting); found in fermented foods such as Chianti wine and aged cheese; displaces stored NE

Question 17

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Cocaine

Answer 17

Adrenergic agonist (indirect-acting); blocks ATPase pump for NE reuptake

Question 18

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Ephedrine

Answer 18

Adrenergic agonist (mixed-action); alpha and beta; bronchodilation, mild CNS stimulation; raises systolic and diastolic BP; nasal and sinus decongestant

Question 19

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pseudoephedrine

Answer 19

Adrenergic agonist (mixed-action); alpha and beta; has been illegally converted to methamphetamine

Question 20

True or false: alpha blockers decrease heart rate.

Answer 20

False; they lower BP, which induces a reflex tachycardia

Question 21

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 21

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1 and alpha2; irreversible/noncompetitive; treats pheochromocytoma

Question 22

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Phentolamine

Answer 22

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1 and alpha2; competitive; treats hypertensive crisis due to clonidine withdrawal or ingesting tyramine-containing foods in MOAI patients; can be used for impotence

Question 23

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Prazosin

Answer 23

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; treat hypertension; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime)

Question 24

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Terazosin

Answer 24

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; treat hypertension; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime)

Question 25

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Doxazosin

Answer 25

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; treat hypertension; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime)

Question 26

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tamsulosin

Answer 26

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1A; competitive; decrease peripheral resistance (minimal); treat benign prostatic hypertrophy; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime); risk for floppy iris syndrome

Question 27

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Alfuzosin

Answer 27

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; decrease peripheral resistance (minimal); treat benign prostatic hypertrophy; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime)

Question 28

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Yohimbine

Answer 28

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha2; competitive; sexual stimulant; relieve vasoconstriction of Raynaud disease

Question 29

In general, what are beta blockers used for?

Answer 29

Treating angina, arrhythmias, myocaridla infarction, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, and prophlylactic migraine. They lower blood pressure, but they do not cause postural hypotension due to alpha receptors being spared.

Question 30

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Propanolol

Answer 30

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; has negative ionotropic and chronotropic effects; decrease SDBP in hypertensive pts; bronchoconstriction (so contraindicated in pts with COPD or asthma), increase sodium retention (should use with diuretic), hypoglycemia

Question 31

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Timolol

Answer 31

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1 and beta2 (take care with asthma pts); reduces production of aqueous humor; treats glaucoma (also carteolol and betaxolol)

Question 32

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Nadolol

Answer 32

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; long duration of action

Question 33

Why are beta1 blockers sometimes preferable to nonselective beta blockers?

Answer 33

They eliminated any unwanted bronchoconstrictor effects.

Question 34

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Acebutolol

Answer 34

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers); partial agonist of beta (weakly stimulates beta [has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity] yet inhibits stimulation by more potent adrenergic agonists); minimize disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 35

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Atenolol

Answer 35

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 36

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Bisoprolol

Answer 36

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 37

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Betaxolol

Answer 37

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 38

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Nebivolol

Answer 38

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 39

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Esmolol

Answer 39

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers); very short lifetime

Question 40

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pindolol

Answer 40

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; partial agonist of beta (weakly stimulates beta [has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity] yet inhibits stimulation by more potent adrenergic agonists); minimize disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 41

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Labetalol

Answer 41

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha and beta; peripheral vasodilation; treat hypertension in black/elderly patients; treat pregnancy-induced hypertension; treat hypertensive emergency

Question 42

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Carvedilol

Answer 42

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha and beta; peripheral vasodilation; treat hypertension in patients where decreased peripheral resistance is undesirable; treat stable chronic heart failure, prevent cardiovascular mortalities in patients with heart failure (metoprolol and bisoprolol have similar actions)

Question 43

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Resperine

Answer 43

Adrenergic antagonist; blocks storage of NE, dopamine, and serotonin in vesicles (through bloackage of magnesium ATP transport)

Question 44

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Guanethedine

Answer 44

Adrenergic antagonist; blocks release of stored NE

Question 45

What are the major effects mediated by alpha1 receptors?

Answer 45

Vasoconstriction, increased peripheral resistance, increased blood pressure, mydriasis, increased closure of internal sphincter of the bladder (urinary retention).

Question 46

What are the major effects mediated by alpha2 receptors?

Answer 46

Located presynaptically, they cause inhibition of NE release, inhibition of ACh release, inhibition of insulin release.

Question 47

What are the major effects mediated by beta1 receptors?

Answer 47

Tachycardia, increased lipolysis (for energy), increased myocardial contractility, increased release of renin (to increase BP).

Question 48

What are the major effects mediated by beta2 receptors?

Answer 48

Vasodilation (to get blood to muscles), decreased peripheral resistance, bronchodilation, increased muscle and liver glycogenolysis (for energy), increased release of glucagon, relaxed uterine smooth muscle.