Exam 1 Study Abridged

Question 1

What are the general cholinergic agonist actions?

Answer 1

Decrease HR, CO, BP, vasodilation

Question 2

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Acetylcholine

Answer 2

Cholinergic agonist (direct-acting); muscarinic and nicotinic; miosis (1% for surgery); vasodilation (acts on M3, causes NO to be released) atropine blocks muscarinic receptors

Question 3

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Bethanechol

Answer 3

Cholinergic agonist (direct-acting); muscarinic; treats neurogenic atony and megacolon

Question 4

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Carbachol

Answer 4

Cholinergic agonist (direct-acting); muscarinic and nicotinic; high potenecy, receoptor nonselectivity, long duration (rarely used); miosis and cycloplegia; treats glaucoma

Question 5

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pilocarpine

Answer 5

Cholinergic agonist (direct-acting); muscarinic; tertiary amine; rapid miosis and cycloplegia; increase secretions (treats xerostomia and Sjogren’s syndrome); also treats glaucoma (drug of choice for emergency IOP decrease); if enters CNS it is toxic (treat with atropine)

Question 6

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Edrophonium

Answer 6

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); used to diagnose MG

Question 7

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Physostigmine

Answer 7

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); OD of atropine, phenothiazines, and TCAs (can cross BBB)

Question 8

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Neostigmine

Answer 8

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats OD of tubocurarine; treats MG symptomatically; contraindicated when GI/bladder obstruction is present

Question 9

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pyridostigmine

Answer 9

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats chronic MG; duration 3-6 hours (longer than neostigmine)

Question 10

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Ambenonium

Answer 10

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats chronic MG; duration 4-8 hours (longer than neostigmine)

Question 11

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tacrine

Answer 11

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats Alzheimer disease; has hepatotoxic effects; GI distress is primary adverse effect

Question 12

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Donepezil

Answer 12

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats Alzheimer disease; GI distress is primary adverse effect

Question 13

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Rivastigmine

Answer 13

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats Alzheimer disease; GI distress is primary adverse effect

Question 14

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Galantamine

Answer 14

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); treats Alzheimer disease; GI distress is primary adverse effect

Question 15

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Hemicholinium

Answer 15

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, reversible); blocks the sodium cotransporter and hence reuptake of ACh

Question 16

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Vesamicol

Answer 16

Cholinergic antagonist (noncompetitive, reversible); blocks the the storage of ACh in the presynaptic neuron

Question 17

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Echothiophate

Answer 17

Cholinergic agonist (indirect-acting, irreversible); causes paralysis of motor function and convulsions; treats glaucoma (but can cause cataracts); its OD is treated by atropine (and diazepam for convulsions)

Question 18

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pralidoxime

Answer 18

Acetylcholinesterase reactivator if introduced before aging; used to reverse effects of irreversible AChE inhibitors such as echothiophate; however, cannot enter the CNS

Question 19

How does ethothiophate exert its effect?

Answer 19

It binds to AChE via its phosphate group. Over time, this phosphorylated AChE will lose one of its ethyl groups (aging), making reactivators such as pralidoxime useless.

Question 20

Where in the sympathetic nervous system can postsynaptic muscainic receptors be found?

Answer 20

Sweat and salivary glands.

Question 21

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Atropine

Answer 21

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; binds competitively; treats OD of echothiophate and AChE inhibitors; SE “sandy eyes”, CNS SE, restlessness, confusion, halucinations, delirium

Question 22

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Scopolamine

Answer 22

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; tertiary amine; treats motion sickness prophylactically, can be used as a short-term memory blocker

Question 23

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Ipratorpium

Answer 23

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema; quaternary derivative of atropine; dose up to four times a day

Question 24

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tiotropium

Answer 24

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema; quaternary derivative of atropine; dose only once a day

Question 25

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tropicamide

Answer 25

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; mydriasis and cycloplegia

Question 26

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Cyclopentolate

Answer 26

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; mydriasis and cycloplegia

Question 27

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Benztropine

Answer 27

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats Parkinson disease

Question 28

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Trihexyphenidyl

Answer 28

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats Parkinson disease

Question 29

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Darifenacin

Answer 29

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats overactive urinary bladder disease

Question 30

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Fesoterodine

Answer 30

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats overactive urinary bladder disease

Question 31

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Oxybutynin

Answer 31

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats overactive urinary bladder disease; available as a transdermal system, making it better tolerable than other drugs for overactive urinary bladder disease

Question 32

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Solifenacin

Answer 32

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats overactive urinary bladder disease

Question 33

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tolterodine

Answer 33

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats overactive urinary bladder disease

Question 34

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Trospium chloride

Answer 34

Cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic; treats overactive urinary bladder disease

Question 35

What are some general actions of ganglionic blockers?

Answer 35

Vasodilation (due to SNS blockage), atony of bladder/GI, cycloplegia, xerostomia, tachycardia (due to PNS blockage)

Question 36

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Nicotine

Answer 36

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (ganglionic blocker); results first in stimulation then in paralysis; enhances release of dopamine and NE to cause pleasure and appetite control

Question 37

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Mecamylamine

Answer 37

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (ganglionic blocker); competitive

Question 38

What are some central muscle relaxants?

Answer 38

Baclofen, diazepam, dantrolene.

Question 39

Which drugs can be used to shorten the duration of NMBs?

Answer 39

Neostigmine, pyridostigmine, and edrophonium.

Question 40

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Atracurium

Answer 40

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive; spontaneously degrades in plasma (metabolism is independent of heptic/renal function); SE of histamine release, resulting in decreased BP, flushing, and bronchoconstriction.

Question 41

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Cisatracurium

Answer 41

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive; spontaneously degrades in plasma (metabolism is independent of heptic/renal function); less likely to release histamine than atracurium

Question 42

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pancuronium

Answer 42

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive

Question 43

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Rocuronium

Answer 43

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive

Question 44

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tubocurarine

Answer 44

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive; no longer in use

Question 45

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Vecuronium

Answer 45

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); nondepolarizing, competitive

Question 46

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Succinylcholine

Answer 46

Cholinergic antagonist; nicotinic (NMJ blocker); depolarizing; can cause hyperthermia when used with halothane(muscular rigidity, metabolic acidosis, tachycardia, and hyperpyrexia) and hyperkalemia.

Question 47

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Epinephrine

Answer 47

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha at high dose, beta at low dose; positive ionotropic and chronotropic beta1; beta1 effect on kidney causes renin relase; increase SBP, slight decrease DBP; treats bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest, adjunct anesthetic (1:100,000 parts)

Question 48

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Norepinephrine

Answer 48

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha; vasoconstriction in peripheral tissue, increase SDBP, bradycardia through baroreceptor reflex (vagal stimulation); treats shock

Question 49

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Dopamine

Answer 49

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha1 at high dose and beta1 at low dose; found in basal ganglia; increase renal blood flow through D1 and D2 (presynpatic) activation; treats cardiogenic and septic shock as well as hypotension and severe congestive heart failure (beta1 increases CO and alpha1 increases peripheral resistance)

Question 50

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Isoproterenol

Answer 50

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta1 and beta2; intense stimulation of heart, slight increase in SBP, great decrease in DBP (due to beta2 activation in periphery), increase blood sugar and lipolysis; treats AV block or cardiac arrest

Question 51

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Fenoldopam

Answer 51

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha2 (moderate) and D1; treats hypertension (rapid-acting) by causing vasodilation through D1 receptor activation

Question 52

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Dobutamine

Answer 52

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta1; treats acute congestive heart failure by increasing CO

Question 53

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Oxymetazoline

Answer 53

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha1 and alpha2; treats red eye and nasal decongestion (spray)

Question 54

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Phenylephrine

Answer 54

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha1; mydriasis and nasal decongestion

Question 55

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Clonidine

Answer 55

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); alpha2; treats essential hypertension (lowered BP due to alpha2 activation, decreases NE release presynaptically); treats withdrawal from opiates, tobacco, benzodiazepines; abrupt withdrawal leads to rebound hypertension; acts centrally to decrease sympathetic outflow to periphery

Question 56

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Metaproterenol

Answer 56

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); similar to isoproterenol, not used often due to more selective beta2 agonists

Question 57

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Albuterol

Answer 57

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2;bronchodilation, short-acting (duration <3 hours)

Question 58

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Terbutaline

Answer 58

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2;bronchodilation, short-acting (duration <3 hours)

Question 59

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Salmeterol

Answer 59

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2; bronchodilation, long-acting (duration >12 hours)

Question 60

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Formoterol

Answer 60

Adrenergic agonist (direct-acting); beta2; bronchodilation, long-acting (duration >12 hours)

Question 61

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Amphetamine

Answer 61

Adrenergic agonist (indirect-acting); blocks NE reuptake and causes release of stored catecholamines; treat hyperactivity in children

Question 62

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tyramine

Answer 62

Adrenergic agonist (indirect-acting); found in fermented foods such as Chianti wine and aged cheese; displaces stored NE

Question 63

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Cocaine

Answer 63

Adrenergic agonist (indirect-acting); blocks ATPase pump for NE reuptake

Question 64

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Ephedrine

Answer 64

Adrenergic agonist (mixed-action); alpha and beta; bronchodilation, mild CNS stimulation; raises systolic and diastolic BP; nasal and sinus decongestant

Question 65

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pseudoephedrine

Answer 65

Adrenergic agonist (mixed-action); alpha and beta; has been illegally converted to methamphetamine

Question 66

True or false: alpha blockers decrease heart rate.

Answer 66

False; they lower BP, which induces a reflex tachycardia

Question 67

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 67

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1 and alpha2; irreversible/noncompetitive; treats pheochromocytoma

Question 68

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Phentolamine

Answer 68

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1 and alpha2; competitive; treats hypertensive crisis due to clonidine withdrawal or ingesting tyramine-containing foods in MOAI patients; can be used for impotence

Question 69

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Prazosin

Answer 69

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; treat hypertension; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime)

Question 70

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Terazosin

Answer 70

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; treat hypertension; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime)

Question 71

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Doxazosin

Answer 71

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; treat hypertension; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime)

Question 72

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Tamsulosin

Answer 72

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1A; competitive; decrease peripheral resistance (minimal); treat benign prostatic hypertrophy; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime); risk for floppy iris syndrome

Question 73

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Alfuzosin

Answer 73

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha1; competitive; decrease peripheral resistance (minimal); treat benign prostatic hypertrophy; first dose can cause orthostatic hypotensive response (minimized by first dose adjusted to 1/3 or 1/4, giving drug at bedtime)

Question 74

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Yohimbine

Answer 74

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha2; competitive; sexual stimulant; relieve vasoconstriction of Raynaud disease

Question 75

In general, what are beta blockers used for?

Answer 75

Treating angina, arrhythmias, myocaridla infarction, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, and prophlylactic migraine. They lower blood pressure, but they do not cause postural hypotension due to alpha receptors being spared.

Question 76

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Propanolol

Answer 76

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; has negative ionotropic and chronotropic effects; decrease SDBP in hypertensive pts; bronchoconstriction (so contraindicated in pts with COPD or asthma), increase sodium retention (should use with diuretic), hypoglycemia

Question 77

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Timolol

Answer 77

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1 and beta2 (take care with asthma pts); reduces production of aqueous humor; treats glaucoma (also carteolol and betaxolol)

Question 78

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Nadolol

Answer 78

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; long duration of action

Question 79

Why are beta1 blockers sometimes preferable to nonselective beta blockers?

Answer 79

They eliminated any unwanted bronchoconstrictor effects.

Question 80

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Acebutolol

Answer 80

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers); partial agonist of beta (weakly stimulates beta [has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity] yet inhibits stimulation by more potent adrenergic agonists); minimize disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 81

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Atenolol

Answer 81

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 82

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Bisoprolol

Answer 82

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 83

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Betaxolol

Answer 83

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 84

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Nebivolol

Answer 84

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers)

Question 85

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Esmolol

Answer 85

Adrenergic antagonist; beta1; treat hypertension in patients with COPD/asthma (compared to beta2 effect on lungs of nonselective beta blockers) or diabetic patients (compared to hypoglycemic effect of nonselective beta blockers); very short lifetime

Question 86

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Pindolol

Answer 86

Adrenergic antagonist; beta; partial agonist of beta (weakly stimulates beta [has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity] yet inhibits stimulation by more potent adrenergic agonists); minimize disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 87

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Labetalol

Answer 87

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha and beta; peripheral vasodilation; treat hypertension in black/elderly patients; treat pregnancy-induced hypertension; treat hypertensive emergency

Question 88

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Carvedilol

Answer 88

Adrenergic antagonist; alpha and beta; peripheral vasodilation; treat hypertension in patients where decreased peripheral resistance is undesirable; treat stable chronic heart failure, prevent cardiovascular mortalities in patients with heart failure (metoprolol and bisoprolol have similar actions)

Question 89

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Resperine

Answer 89

Adrenergic antagonist; blocks storage of NE, dopamine, and serotonin in vesicles (through bloackage of magnesium ATP transport)

Question 90

Name the type of drug, what type of receptor it stimualtes (if applicable), its primary use(s) and/or actions, and anything else significant about it: Guanethedine

Answer 90

Adrenergic antagonist; blocks release of stored NE

Question 91

What are the major effects mediated by alpha1 receptors?

Answer 91

Vasoconstriction, increased peripheral resistance, increased blood pressure, mydriasis, increased closure of internal sphincter of the bladder (urinary retention).

Question 92

What are the major effects mediated by alpha2 receptors?

Answer 92

Located presynaptically, they cause inhibition of NE release, inhibition of ACh release, inhibition of insulin release.

Question 93

What are the major effects mediated by beta1 receptors?

Answer 93

Tachycardia, increased lipolysis (for energy), increased myocardial contractility, increased release of renin (to increase BP).

Question 94

What are the major effects mediated by beta2 receptors?

Answer 94

Vasodilation (to get blood to muscles), decreased peripheral resistance, bronchodilation, increased muscle and liver glycogenolysis (for energy), increased release of glucagon, relaxed uterine smooth muscle.