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Anatomy and Physiology of Speech > Exam 1 Study Questions > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Force distributed over area

A

Pressure

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2
Q

___ pressure causes air to enter a chamber that has expanded until the pressure is equalized

A

Negative

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are in cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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4
Q

How many vertebrae are in thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

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5
Q

How many vertebrae are in lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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6
Q

How many vertebrae are in sacral vertebrae (fused)?

A

4

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7
Q

Contraction of the diaphragm increases the ___ dimension of the thorax.

A

vertical

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8
Q

Contraction of the accessory muscles of inspiration increases the ____ dimension of the thorax.

A

horizontal

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9
Q

Contraction of the muscles of expiration ____ the volume of the thorax

A

decrease

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10
Q

Emphysema results in a breakdown of the alveolar wall, resulting in enlargement of alveolar clusters and consequent enlargement of the thorax known as “barrel chest.” The result of this is that the diaphragm is pulled down at rest. Discuss the implications of the muscular action of inspiration and expiration in this altered system.

A

In an altered system, the diaphragm is pulled down at rest and thus expiration would be much more difficult for the person to release air from the lungs.

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11
Q

The study of the structure of an organism

A

anatomy

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12
Q

The study of the function of a living organism and its parts

A

physiology

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13
Q

Anatomical study for diagnosis and treatment of disease

A

applied anatomy aka clinical anatomy

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14
Q

Anatomical study involved in the description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease conditions, viewing the body as a composite of systems that function together

A

descriptive anatomy aka systematic anatomy

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15
Q

The study of the structure and function of cells

A

cytology

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16
Q

The study of structure and function of bones

A

osteology

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17
Q

The study of form and function of muscle

A

myology

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18
Q

The study of the nervous system

A

neurology

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19
Q

Skin and mucous membrane are made up of ___ tissue

A

epithelial

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20
Q

A particularly important connective tissue because it is both strong and elastic

A

areolar

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21
Q

Contractile tissue

A

muscle tissue

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22
Q

Bind organs together or hold bones to bone or cartilage

A

ligaments

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23
Q

A sheetlike membrane surrounding organs

A

fascia

24
Q

Attach muscle to bone or cartilage

A

tendon

25
Q

Relatively immobile point of attachment of a muscle

A

cartilage

26
Q

Relatively mobile point of attachment of a muscle

A

joint

27
Q

This system includes smooth, striated, and cardiac muscle of the body

A

muscular system

28
Q

This system includes the bones and cartilages that form the structure of the body

A

skeletal system

29
Q

This system includes the passageways and tissues involved in gas exchange with the environment, including the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities, the trachea and bronchial passageway, and lungs

A

respiratory system

30
Q

This system includes the esophagus, liver, intestines, and associated glands

A

digestive system

31
Q

This system includes the nerve tissue and structures of the central and peripheral nervous system

A

nervous system

32
Q

This speech system includes the passageways and tissues involved in gas exchange with the environment, including the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities, the trachea and bronchial passageway, and lungs

A

respiratory system

33
Q

This speech system is involved in production of voiced sound and utilizes components of the respiratory system (the laryngeal structures)

A

phonatory system

34
Q

This speech system is the combination of structures used to alter the characteristics of the sounds of speech, including parts of the anatomically defined digestive and respiratory systems (the tongue, lips, teeth, soft palate, etc)

A

articulatory system

35
Q

This speech system includes the nasal cavity and soft palate and portions of the anatomically defined respiratory and digestive systems

A

resonatory system

36
Q

As our field has developed, the professionals working with speech and language became known as “speech-language pathologists.” Reflecting on the terminology you have just reviewed, to what does the term “pathologist” refer?

A

Pathology is the study of different diseases. Thus, SLPs are experts in the nontypical speech and language behaviors and work to enhance the individual’s effective communication.

37
Q

Passive expiration involves the forces of ______ and _______

A

gravity and elasticity

38
Q

Volume of air that we breathe in during a respiratory cycle

A

Tidal Volume (TV)

39
Q

Volume that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

40
Q

Volume that can be exhaled after a tidal expiration

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) aka resting lung volume

41
Q

Volume remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

A 
Vital Capacity (VC)
VC = TV + IRV + ERV
42
Q

The combination of inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and tidal volume

A

Vital Capacity

43
Q

Volume of air remaining in the body after a passive exhalation

A

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

FRC = ERV (expiratory reserve) + RV (residual)

44
Q

Sum of all the volumes

A

Total Lung Capacity

TLC = IC + FRC

45
Q

Volume of air that cannot undergo gas exchange

A

Dead Space Air

46
Q

Air pressure measured within the oral cavity

A

Intraoral Mouth Pressure

47
Q

Air pressure measured below the vocal folds

A

subglottal pressure

48
Q

pressure within the alveolus

A

Alveolar or Pulmonic pressure

49
Q

pressure between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes

A

pleural or intrapleural pressure

50
Q

when the diaphragm contracts, pressure within the alveolus ____

A

decreases

51
Q

When air pressure within the lungs is lower than that of the atmosphere, air will ____ the lungs

A

fill (inhalation)

52
Q

When the body is placed in a reclining position, the resting lung volume ____

A

increases

53
Q

Use of the muscles of inspiration to impede the outward flow of air during speech is termed _____

A

checking action

54
Q

The maximum inspiratory volume possible after tidal expiration

A

Inspiratory Capacity

IC = TV + IRV

55
Q

fixators

A

muscles that stabilize structures through contraction

Anatomy and Physiology of Speech (7 decks)

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