4. Anatomy of Phonation Flashcards
Voiceless
Phonemes or speech sounds that are produced without the use of the vocal folds
Voiced
Phonemes or speech sounds that are produced by the action of the vocal folds
/s/ or /f/
voiceless sounds
/z/ or /v/
voiced sounds
Phonation
aka voicing
product of vibrating vocal folds within the larynx
Respiration is the source of ____ for speech
energy
Phonation is the source of ____ for speech
voice
Vocal folds are ___ layers of tissue
five
glottis
aka rima glottidis
area below the vocal folds
subglottal
area below the vocal folds
Vocal folds are located within course of the airstream at the ____ end of the trachea
superior
/a/
voiced
/h/
voiceless
Clamping vocal folds aids in important actions such as
Lifting weights
Preventing food from entering respiratory system
Childbirth
Defecation
The vocal folds are bands of tissue that can be set into ___-
vibration
Trachea is composed of
cartilage rings connected and separated by fibroelastic membrane
Larynx position
musculocartilaginous structure (oddly shaped box) atop last ring of trachea
adjacent to CV (cervical vertebrae) 4-6
higher in infant
Larynx length
(average)
male: 44 mm
female: 36 mm
cricoid cartilage
(like a signet ring)
complete ring resting atop trachea
most inferior of laryngeal cartilages
cricoid and thyroid cartilages articulate at
cricothyroid joint
thyroid cartilage
aka Adam’s apple
largest laryngeal cartilage
articulates with cricoid cartilage below by paired processes
rocks forward and back
arytenoid cartilages
ride on high-backed upper surface of cricoid cartilage
posterior point of attachment for vocal folds
arytania (Gr.) ladle; “ladle-form”
corniculate cartilage
ride on superior surface of each arytenoid
landmarks in aryepiglottic folds
cornu (L.) horn; “little horn”
cuneiform cartilage
rests within aryepiglottic folds
degree of rigidity
laryngectomy
surgical removal of the larynx
tracheostoma
tracheostomy that places opening in trachea
expectoration
elimination of phlegm from the respiratory passageway
xerostomia
extreme dryness of oral tissues
dysphagia
swallowing dysfunction
hyoid bone
not connected to any other bone
articulated with thyroid cartilageby pair of superior processes
epiglottis
leaflike cartilage
medial to hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
protective structure; drops to cover orifice of larynx during swallowing
epi (Gr.) over; “over glottis”
For quadrupeds, epiglottis protects
airway
debated for bipeds
The vocal folds are bands of mucous membrane, connective tissue, and _______ _____ that are slung between the _____ cartilages and the ______ cartilage
thyrovocalis muscle
arytenoid
thyroid
Laryngeal construction is
adjustable
Thyrohyoid membrane
stretched between greater cornu of hyoid and lateral thyroid
Extrinsic ligaments provide attachment between the ____ or ____ and the _____ of the larynx
hyoid
trachea
cartilage
Lateral thyrohyoid ligament
posterior to thyrohyoid membrane
running between superior cornu of thyroid to posterior tip of greater cornu hyoid
triticeal cartilage
may be found within space of lateral thyrohyoid ligament
Which parts connect the larynx to the hyoid bone?
median thyrohyoid ligament
thyrohyoid membrane
lateral thyrohyoid ligament
median thyrohyoid ligament
anterior
from corpus hyoid to upper border of anterior thyroid
These ligaments attach the epiglottis to the corpus hyoid and inner thyroid cartilage below the notch
hyoepiglottic ligament and thyroepiglottic ligament
How is is the epiglottis attached to the tongue?
Lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments
valleculae
“little valleys”
located between the tongue and epiglottis
produced by the overlay of the mucous membrane from the lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments
cricotracheal ligament
attaches trachea to larynx
intrinsic ligaments
connects cartilages of larynx
support structure for larynx cavity
support structure for vocal folds
fibroelastic membrane is made up of
quadrangular membranes
aryepiglottic folds
conus elasticus
vocal ligament (upward free extension of the conus elasticus)
quadrangular membranes
form false vocal folds
originate at inner thyroid angle and sides of epiglottis and form upper cone that narrows as it ends in the free margin of arytenoid and corniculate cartilages
aryepiglottic muscles
located from side of epiglottis to arytenoid apex
upper margin of quadrangular membranes
aryepiglottic folds laterally
aryepiglottic folds
ridges marking highest elevation of membranes and muscles slung from epiglottis to arytenoids
pyriform sinus
space between aryepiglottic fold and throid cartilage
important point of transit for food and liquid during a swallow
Five Tissue Layers of the Vocal Folds
Squamous epithelium Superficial lamina propria Intermediate lamina propria Deep lamina propria Thyroarytenoid muscle
mucosal lining of vocal folds
Squamous epithelium
Superficial lamina propria (SLP)
vocal ligament of vocal lining
Superficial lamina propria (SLP) and Intermediate lamina propria (ILP)
cover of vocal folds
squamous epithelium
superficial lamina propria (SLP)
intermediate lamina propria (ILP)
body of vocal folds
Deep lamina propria
Thyroarytenoid muscle
