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Anatomy and Physiology of Speech > 4. Anatomy of Phonation > Flashcards

4. Anatomy of Phonation Flashcards

1
Q

Voiceless

A

Phonemes or speech sounds that are produced without the use of the vocal folds

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2
Q

Voiced

A

Phonemes or speech sounds that are produced by the action of the vocal folds

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3
Q

/s/ or /f/

A

voiceless sounds

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4
Q

/z/ or /v/

A

voiced sounds

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5
Q

Phonation

A

aka voicing

product of vibrating vocal folds within the larynx

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6
Q

Respiration is the source of ____ for speech

A

energy

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7
Q

Phonation is the source of ____ for speech

A

voice

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8
Q

Vocal folds are ___ layers of tissue

A

five

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9
Q

glottis

A

aka rima glottidis

area below the vocal folds

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10
Q

subglottal

A

area below the vocal folds

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11
Q

Vocal folds are located within course of the airstream at the ____ end of the trachea

A

superior

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12
Q

/a/

A

voiced

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13
Q

/h/

A

voiceless

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14
Q

Clamping vocal folds aids in important actions such as

A

Lifting weights
Preventing food from entering respiratory system
Childbirth
Defecation

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15
Q

The vocal folds are bands of tissue that can be set into ___-

A

vibration

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16
Q

Trachea is composed of

A

cartilage rings connected and separated by fibroelastic membrane

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17
Q

Larynx position

A

musculocartilaginous structure (oddly shaped box) atop last ring of trachea
adjacent to CV (cervical vertebrae) 4-6
higher in infant

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18
Q

Larynx length

A

(average)

male: 44 mm
female: 36 mm

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19
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

(like a signet ring)
complete ring resting atop trachea
most inferior of laryngeal cartilages

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20
Q

cricoid and thyroid cartilages articulate at

A

cricothyroid joint

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21
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

aka Adam’s apple
largest laryngeal cartilage
articulates with cricoid cartilage below by paired processes
rocks forward and back

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22
Q

arytenoid cartilages

A

ride on high-backed upper surface of cricoid cartilage
posterior point of attachment for vocal folds
arytania (Gr.) ladle; “ladle-form”

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23
Q

corniculate cartilage

A

ride on superior surface of each arytenoid
landmarks in aryepiglottic folds
cornu (L.) horn; “little horn”

24
Q

cuneiform cartilage

A

rests within aryepiglottic folds

degree of rigidity

25
Q

laryngectomy

A

surgical removal of the larynx

26
Q

tracheostoma

A

tracheostomy that places opening in trachea

27
Q

expectoration

A

elimination of phlegm from the respiratory passageway

28
Q

xerostomia

A

extreme dryness of oral tissues

29
Q

dysphagia

A

swallowing dysfunction

30
Q

hyoid bone

A

not connected to any other bone

articulated with thyroid cartilageby pair of superior processes

31
Q

epiglottis

A

leaflike cartilage
medial to hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
protective structure; drops to cover orifice of larynx during swallowing
epi (Gr.) over; “over glottis”

32
Q

For quadrupeds, epiglottis protects

A

airway

debated for bipeds

33
Q

The vocal folds are bands of mucous membrane, connective tissue, and _______ _____ that are slung between the _____ cartilages and the ______ cartilage

A

thyrovocalis muscle
arytenoid
thyroid

34
Q

Laryngeal construction is

A

adjustable

35
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

stretched between greater cornu of hyoid and lateral thyroid

36
Q

Extrinsic ligaments provide attachment between the ____ or ____ and the _____ of the larynx

A

hyoid
trachea
cartilage

37
Q

Lateral thyrohyoid ligament

A

posterior to thyrohyoid membrane

running between superior cornu of thyroid to posterior tip of greater cornu hyoid

38
Q

triticeal cartilage

A

may be found within space of lateral thyrohyoid ligament

39
Q

Which parts connect the larynx to the hyoid bone?

A

median thyrohyoid ligament
thyrohyoid membrane
lateral thyrohyoid ligament

40
Q

median thyrohyoid ligament

A

anterior

from corpus hyoid to upper border of anterior thyroid

41
Q

These ligaments attach the epiglottis to the corpus hyoid and inner thyroid cartilage below the notch

A

hyoepiglottic ligament and thyroepiglottic ligament

42
Q

How is is the epiglottis attached to the tongue?

A

Lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments

43
Q

valleculae

A

“little valleys”
located between the tongue and epiglottis
produced by the overlay of the mucous membrane from the lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments

44
Q

cricotracheal ligament

A

attaches trachea to larynx

45
Q

intrinsic ligaments

A

connects cartilages of larynx
support structure for larynx cavity
support structure for vocal folds

46
Q

fibroelastic membrane is made up of

A

quadrangular membranes
aryepiglottic folds
conus elasticus
vocal ligament (upward free extension of the conus elasticus)

47
Q

quadrangular membranes

A

form false vocal folds
originate at inner thyroid angle and sides of epiglottis and form upper cone that narrows as it ends in the free margin of arytenoid and corniculate cartilages

48
Q

aryepiglottic muscles

A

located from side of epiglottis to arytenoid apex
upper margin of quadrangular membranes
aryepiglottic folds laterally

49
Q

aryepiglottic folds

A

ridges marking highest elevation of membranes and muscles slung from epiglottis to arytenoids

50
Q

pyriform sinus

A

space between aryepiglottic fold and throid cartilage

important point of transit for food and liquid during a swallow

51
Q

Five Tissue Layers of the Vocal Folds

A 
Squamous epithelium
Superficial lamina propria
Intermediate lamina propria
Deep lamina propria 
Thyroarytenoid muscle
52
Q

mucosal lining of vocal folds

A

Squamous epithelium

Superficial lamina propria (SLP)

53
Q

vocal ligament of vocal lining

A

Superficial lamina propria (SLP) and Intermediate lamina propria (ILP)

54
Q

cover of vocal folds

A

squamous epithelium
superficial lamina propria (SLP)
intermediate lamina propria (ILP)

55
Q

body of vocal folds

A

Deep lamina propria

Thyroarytenoid muscle

Anatomy and Physiology of Speech (7 decks)

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