Exam 1 study guide

Question 1

what is hyperplasia?

Answer 1

increase in cell #

Question 2

what is atrophy?

Answer 2

decrease in cell size

Question 3

what is hypertrophy?

Answer 3

increase in cell size

Question 4

what is dysplasia?

Answer 4

cell type change is bad

Question 5

what is metaplasia?

Answer 5

cell type change

Question 6

describe pinocytosis

Answer 6

cell membrane pinches in outside material

Question 7

describe exocytosis

Answer 7

cell membrane pushes out unwanted material

Question 8

describe phagocytosis

Answer 8

cell membrane pinches in big materials

Question 9

describe endocytosis

Answer 9

cell membrane pinches in smaller materials

Question 10

what is hypoxia?

Answer 10

low O2

Question 11

what can happen if there is too much Ca?

Answer 11

damage to cell membrane = cell death

Question 12

how do you get free radicals?

Answer 12

result of reperfusion injury

Question 13

what is reperfusion injury?

Answer 13

tissue death bc of lack of blood supply, sudden rush of blood back to tissue = freaks out and dies

Question 14

what is necrosis

Answer 14

irreversible cell death, results in gangrene & infection

Question 15

what is the body’s first line of defense?

Answer 15

physical or surface barriers - skin/mucus membrane

Question 16

what is body’s second line of defense?

Answer 16

inflammation - vasodilation, repels & destroys invader

Question 17

what is body’s third line of defense?

Answer 17

immune response - T & B cells attack antigens