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FPCC > Exam 1 study > Flashcards

Exam 1 study Flashcards

1
Q

Droplet illnesses

A
  • Flu
  • Mumps
  • Pertussis
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2
Q

Airborne illnesses

A
  • Measles
  • Chickenpox
  • TB
  • herpes roster
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3
Q

Droplet barrier protection

A
  • private or cohort room
  • surgical mask
  • mask on patient while transporting and only when necessary
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4
Q

Airborne barrier precautions

A
  • private room
  • negative airflow pressure
  • n95 mask
  • ultraviolet irradation or air filter
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5
Q

Contact indications

A

MDR0’s
wound infection
skin infection
eye infection

private or cohort room
-gloves and gown

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6
Q

Protectice indications

A
  • transplant
  • chemotherapy
  • burns
  • immunocompromised
  • private room
  • positive airflow
  • no plants or fruit
  • full PPE
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7
Q

How can nursing care support the body’s natural primary defenses against infection?

A 
watching for impaired skin integrity
hygiene of the patient
make sure patient is breathing properly
eyes are protected
mouth is clean
no GI, GU or bowel problem
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8
Q

systemic infection

A

occur when pathogens invade the blood or lymph and spread throughout the body

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9
Q

latent infection

A

sneaky/hiding infection. might not even know you’re sick

ex. HIV, TB

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10
Q

exogenous infection

A

pathogen acquired from the healthcare environment

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11
Q

endogenous infection

A

the pathogens arise from the patient’s normal flora when some form of treatment causes the normally harmless microbe to multiply & cause infection

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12
Q

Infection Stages: incubation

A

stage between successful invasion of pathogen into the body & the first appearance of symptoms

person doesn’t suspect that they’ve been infected but may be capable of infecting others

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13
Q

Prodromal stage

A

first appearance of vague symptoms

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14
Q

decline stage

A

patients immune defenses along with any medical therapies successfully reduce the number of pathogenic microbes

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15
Q

convalescence stage

A

tissue repair and a return to health as the remaining number of microorganisms approaches 0.

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16
Q

Standard precautions

A

contact w/ blood & body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes from ALL patients

PPE: gown, gloves, mask, goggles

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17
Q

Under normal conditions, the kidneys produce how many ml of urine?

A

1500 ml/24 hr

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18
Q

Abnormal urine output

A

30 ml an hour or less for 2 hours

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19
Q

The first steps in urination begins when the bladder contains how many ml of urine?

A

need to void occurs at 200-450 ml

about 400-500 ml/voiding

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20
Q

Anuria

A

absence of urine often associated with kidney failure or congestive heart failure.

urine output is less than 100 ml in 24 hrs

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21
Q

Dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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22
Q

end stage renal disease

A

chronic rise in serum creatinine levels associated w/ loss of kidney function

must be treated with dialysis or transplantation

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23
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary loss of urine

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24
Q

nocturia

A

frequent urination after going to bed

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25
Q

oliguria

A

urine output less than 400 ml in 24 hrs

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26
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

caused by excessive hydration, diabetes, or kidney disease

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27
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of protein in urine

sign of infection or kidney disease

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28
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine.

caused by lesions or infection in the urinary tract

29
Q

Alterations in urinary eliminations

A 
Intake and output
Urine appearance (color, clarity, amount, odor)
Urinalysis
BUN 10-20 mg/dL
creatinine 0.5-1.2 mg/dl
30
Q

Normal & abnormal urine

A

normal- yellow, clear. no odor. sweet or fruity in diabetic patients.
abnormal- red, orange, green. ammonia smell

31
Q

Urinalysis

A

Normal protein, glucose, & ketones= negative.
PROTEIN SHOULD NOT ESCAPE FROM URINE
glucose may show up in diabetic patient

leukocyte/bacteria present= infection. should be negative
blood in urine indicates an infection
BUN= 10-20. if higher= some type of kidney disease
creatinine= 0.5-1.2
specific gravity= 1.003-1.03
if higher= may be dehydrated. lower may be over hydrated

32
Q

Post-void residual (PVR)

A

patient voids

within 10-15 min get a bladder scan & see how much urine left in bladder after its emptied

33
Q

Stress incontinence

A

increased abdominal pressure
abdominal muscles not strong enough to keep it from coming out

ex. laughing, sneezing. seen in pregnancy pt’s

34
Q

Mixed incontinence

A

some urge & some stress combined

35
Q

overflow incontinence

A

bladder so full that a little dribbles out. can happen often

36
Q

functional incontinence

A

nability or blockage, can’t get to bathroom
no urinary or psychosocial reason

prompted toileting
hourly rounding
remove the barrier

37
Q

reflex incontinence

A

neurological problem– stroke, spinal cord injury, bladder being damaged

scheduled voiding
intermittent catheterization

38
Q

types of urinary diversions: cutaneous ureterostomy

A

surgery reroutes the ureter directly to surface of abdomen forming a small stoma

limited use bc it provides a pathway for pathogens to enter the kidney drainage bag

39
Q

Conventional urostomy (ileal conduit)

A

most common type

small piece of ileum used to make a patch into which the ureters are implanted.
urine drains continuously from stoma & is collected in a pouch (drainage bag)

40
Q

Continent urinary reservoir

A

valve.
same as ileal conduit but instead of urine constantly flowing, the patient inserts a catheter into the stoma to drain urine through the valve no drainage bag

41
Q

which diversions are incontinent?

A

cutaneous ureterostomy & conventional urostomy/ileal conduit (drainage bag)

42
Q

Nursing process

A

ADPIE

  1. assess
  2. diagnose
  3. plan
  4. implement
  5. evaluate
43
Q

How do you write a nursing diagnosis?

A

NANDA defintion, state related to factor, then AED

use frameworks (maslow hierarchy of needs)
ABC's- airway, breathing, circulation
safety/risk reduction
least restrictive/less invasive
prioritize acute over chronic problems
44
Q

High urgency example

A

pain, risk for falls

45
Q

Medium urgency example

A

imbalanced nutrition

46
Q

Low urgency example

A

chronic low self esteem, anxiety

47
Q

Each medication order must include:

A 
the patient's name
order date
medication name
dosage
route
frequency
prescriber's signature
48
Q

SIX rights of medication administration

A 
right medication
right dose
right route
right time
right patient
right documentation
49
Q

PRN

A

as needed

50
Q

peak and trough

A

peak- highest concentration
trough- lowest concentration

  • peak-check 30-60 min after its completely infused*
  • check trough levels 30 min before administer next dose*
51
Q

Temp of otic meds

A

body temp or slightly warmer. DONT USE COLD MEDS

52
Q

parenteral route

A

bypass the GI tract

intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, iv

53
Q

Intradermal

A

under skin. goes in at 15 degrees

ex. tb test allergy testing

54
Q

Subcutaneous intramuscular

A

under the skin, but not in muscle. 45-90 degree angle

55
Q

intramuscular

A

90 degrees into the muscle

sites: deltoid, ventral gluteal, vestas laterals

56
Q

IV advantages

A

fast acting
establishes constant blood levels
delivers large volumes

most dangerous

57
Q

Specifc gravity

A

Normal: 1.005-1.030

Abnormal: <1.005 Renal disease or overhydration

               > 1.030 dehydration
58
Q

Protein

A

Normal result: Negative

Abnormal: Positive- renal disease

59
Q

Glucose

A

Normal: Negative
Abnormal: positive - abnormal glucose metabolism such as diabetes

60
Q

Ketones

A

Normal: Negative
Abnormal: positive- poorly controlled diabetes

61
Q

RBC

A

Normal: 0,1,2
Abnormal: 3 or more - UTI, cancer in the urinary tract, or trauma

62
Q

Bilirubin

A

Normal: Negative
Abnormal: Positive- gallbladder or liver disease

63
Q

Nitrite

A

Normal: Negative
Abnormal: Positive- UTI

64
Q

Leukocyte esterase

A

Normal : Negative

Abnormal: Positive- UTI

65
Q

WBC

A

Normal: Negative
Abnormal: Positive- UTI

66
Q

Bacteria

A

Normal: Negative
Abnormal: Positive- UTI or contaminated specimen

67
Q

BUN “blood urea nitrogen”

A 
Normal: 10-20 mg
Abnormal: >20
-Renal disease
-Liver disease
-Bleeding in the GI tract
-Dehydration

<10mg
-Overhydration

68
Q

Creatinine

A

Normal: 0.5-1.2 mg
Abnormal: >1.2mg
-renal disease
-dehydration

FPCC (15 decks)

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