Electrolytes in FPCC Flashcards
The nurse is caring for a client whose lung cancer has spread to the patients bone.
Client is constipated, weak, and has decreased reflexes
What electrolyte imbalance is this?
Hypercalcemia
-Stop any supplemental calcium
-Monitor dietary intake of calcium
-Increase fluid and fiber intake
Monitor cardiac function
The nurse is caring for a client…
Who has been sweating profusely with fever for the last 3 days. The client has been NPO for 12 hours while waiting for a test and is receiving 0.9% sodium chloride at 25 mL/ hour in IVF.
The client mucous membranes are very dry. Hr 122. Client has been mildly confused and difficult to wake up.
What electrolyte imbalance is this?
Hypernatremia
Nursing interventions
Obtain order to increase hypotonic IV fluids
Treat fever
Seizures precautions. *with sodium think neuro changes
Other situations: decrease sodium intake.
The nurse is caring for a client…
With a history of heart failure who obsessively drinks tap water due to mental illness.
The client has become increasing difficult to arouse and is very confused.
What electrolyte imbalance is this?
Hyponatremia
Nursing interventions Restrict tap water intake. Seizure precautions Administer iso/hypertonic IVF as ordered. Other situations: Increase dietary sodium intake.
A client with a history of renal failure comes to the ED stating vaguely “not feeling well.”
Slow, irregular radial pulse Abdominal cramping and muscle weakness.
What electrolyte imbalance is this?
Hyperkalemia
Stop any K intake immediately.
Treat as ordered:
Prepare to administer Kayexalate.
Administer regular insulin and dextrose IV as ordered.
Give Calcium as ordered if heart is unstable.
Observe cardiac monitor
Plan for client to have dialysis as the client admits to having missed last 2 appointments.
Provide fluids and diuretics IF kidneys are working.
A clients dose of a loop diuretic was increased yesterday morning.
Client calls the nurse to report feelings “palpitations”. The radial pulse is irregular.
What electrolyte imbalance is this?
Hypokalemia
Administer K+ PO or iV
IV K+ IS NEVER IV PUSH
Place the client on the cardiac monitor
Provide dietary teaching to include
Client has elevated phosphate levels and low vitamin D level.
The nurse notes clients reflexes are hyperactive. Client reports numbness and tingling around mouth and in fingers.
What electrolyte imbalance is this?
Hypocalcemia
Nursing interventions
Increase dietary calcium and vitamin D intake
Administer calcium PO/IV and maybe phos binders
Increase activity
Seizure precautions
Can be an airway and heart emergency
The nurse is caring for a. Pregnant client receiving an infusion of magnesium sulfate through the IV.
Nursing assessment finds decreased reflexes; client is very lethargic and bradycardic.
What electrolyte imbalance is this?
Hypermagnesemia
Nursing interventions
Stop magnesium
Teach reduced dietary intake.
Monitor RR, HR, AND B/P and be ready to support if needed.
After administering IV hypotonic fluds to a patient diagnosed wit hypernatremia, the nurse decides to educate the patient on appropriate restrictions to his diet. What foods would the nurse teach the client to avoid? Select all that apply
A. canned soup
B. canned corn
C. string cheese
D. hot dogs
ALL APPLIES
After administering hyperkalemia, the nurse decides to educate the patient on appropriate restrictions to his diet. What foods would the nurse teach the client to avoid? Select all that apply
A. bananas
B. tomatoes
C. tuna fish
D. dairy produce
ALL APPLIES
FOODS THAT HAVE POTASSIUM
POTSY: Potatoes with the skin. Oranges/ orange juice, bananas, and beans. -Tomatoes/Tomato products -Salmon, clams, tuna, snapper -Yogurt and other diary
FOODS THAT HAVE CALCIUM
- Diary
- Salmon and sardines
- Green leafy veggies
FOODS THAT HAVE MAGNESIUM
- Green leafy veggies
- Whole grains
- Beans
- Nuts
FOODS THAT HAVE PHOSPHORUS
- Diary
- Whole grains
- Beans
- Nuts
FOODS THAT HAVE SODIUM
- Table salt!
- Processed, convenience, and fast foods such as hot dogs and sandwhich meats
- Canned soups and veggies
- Cheese
