Exam 1: Stress and adaptation Flashcards
the ability to respond to physical or psychological challenges to homeostasis and to return to a balanced state
adaptation
what are examples of short term and long term stressors?
short term: fever
long term: paralysis
what are the 5 dimensions of adaptation?
physical-developmental, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual
dimension of adaptation where: physiological responses may be local or generalized. role changes, expectations,etc
physical-developmental
dimension of adaptation where: coping mechanisms, adaptive behavior is successful if it leads to sense of discovery.
emotional dimension
the gathering of information, communication, and problem solving (form of dimension of adaptation)
intellectual dimension
the support system and support groups available to help (form of dimension of adaptation)
social dimension
positive sense of life’s meaning or purpose
beliefs and attitudes: resources for adaptation
spiritual adaptation
what are some examples of negative feedback loop systems?
blood pressure, blood glucose regulation, and temperature maintenance
what occurs during a positive feedback loop?
an initial stimulus produces more of the same
what’s an example of a positive feedback loop?
blood clotting
what are the two types of stressors?
positive (eustress, birth of child), or negative (distress, death)
what developed the general adaptation syndrome?
Hans Salye
what are the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome?
alarm, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion
What body systems are involved in the stress response
neuroendocrine and immune systems
what occurs during the alarm reaction phase of the GAS stages
body senses the stress, CNS aroused, RAS activated
fight/flight, hormones released, HPA
What occurs during the resistant phase of the GAS stages?
body’s defenses become focused on overcoming the stressors.
body either adapts to change or enters next stage
what occurs during the Exhaustion Phase of the GAS stages?
energy reserves are depleted, disease or death occurs stress triad (hypertrophy of adrenal glands, atrophy of thymus gland, ulcers), increased glucocorticoids
what is the stress triad and what phase does it occur in?
occurs in the exhaustion phase.
- hypertrophy of the adrenal glands
- atrophy of the thymus gland
- GI ulcers
What is the role of cortisol in the GAS and the effect on the body
new formation of glucose stimulates breakdown of stored energy reduces inflammation and immune functions reduces WBC accumulation stimulates gastric acid secretions
What is adaptive capacity and what can influence it?
stressors tend to produce different responses in different people or in the same person at different times. dependent on conditioning factors, internal and external
define the physiologic reserve and give examples
the ability of body systems to increase their function given the need to adapt
ex: RBC’s and oxygen
bone and calcium storage
what is the anatomic reserve and give examples
paired organs that are not both needed to ensure that organism can keep living
ex: lungs, kidneys
what are the three main characteristics of PTSD?
intrusion- occurence of “flashbacks”during nightmares
avoidance- emotional numbness, stoicism
hyperarousal- increased irritability, startleness, difficulty concentrating
