Exam 1: Stress and adaptation

Question 1

the ability to respond to physical or psychological challenges to homeostasis and to return to a balanced state

Answer 1

adaptation

Question 2

what are examples of short term and long term stressors?

Answer 2

short term: fever

long term: paralysis

Question 3

what are the 5 dimensions of adaptation?

Answer 3

physical-developmental, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual

Question 4

dimension of adaptation where: physiological responses may be local or generalized. role changes, expectations,etc

Answer 4

physical-developmental

Question 5

dimension of adaptation where: coping mechanisms, adaptive behavior is successful if it leads to sense of discovery.

Answer 5

emotional dimension

Question 6

the gathering of information, communication, and problem solving (form of dimension of adaptation)

Answer 6

intellectual dimension

Question 7

the support system and support groups available to help (form of dimension of adaptation)

Answer 7

social dimension

Question 8

positive sense of life’s meaning or purpose

beliefs and attitudes: resources for adaptation

Answer 8

spiritual adaptation

Question 9

what are some examples of negative feedback loop systems?

Answer 9

blood pressure, blood glucose regulation, and temperature maintenance

Question 10

what occurs during a positive feedback loop?

Answer 10

an initial stimulus produces more of the same

Question 11

what’s an example of a positive feedback loop?

Answer 11

blood clotting

Question 12

what are the two types of stressors?

Answer 12

positive (eustress, birth of child), or negative (distress, death)

Question 13

what developed the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 13

Hans Salye

Question 14

what are the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 14

alarm, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion

Question 15

What body systems are involved in the stress response

Answer 15

neuroendocrine and immune systems

Question 16

what occurs during the alarm reaction phase of the GAS stages

Answer 16

body senses the stress, CNS aroused, RAS activated

fight/flight, hormones released, HPA

Question 17

What occurs during the resistant phase of the GAS stages?

Answer 17

body’s defenses become focused on overcoming the stressors.

body either adapts to change or enters next stage

Question 18

what occurs during the Exhaustion Phase of the GAS stages?

Answer 18

energy reserves are depleted, disease or death occurs
stress triad (hypertrophy of adrenal glands, atrophy of thymus gland, ulcers), increased glucocorticoids

Question 19

what is the stress triad and what phase does it occur in?

Answer 19

occurs in the exhaustion phase.

• hypertrophy of the adrenal glands
• atrophy of the thymus gland
• GI ulcers

Question 20

What is the role of cortisol in the GAS and the effect on the body

Answer 20

new formation of glucose
stimulates breakdown of stored energy
reduces inflammation and immune functions
reduces WBC accumulation
stimulates gastric acid secretions

Question 21

What is adaptive capacity and what can influence it?

Answer 21

stressors tend to produce different responses in different people or in the same person at different times. dependent on conditioning factors, internal and external

Question 22

define the physiologic reserve and give examples

Answer 22

the ability of body systems to increase their function given the need to adapt
ex: RBC’s and oxygen
bone and calcium storage

Question 23

what is the anatomic reserve and give examples

Answer 23

paired organs that are not both needed to ensure that organism can keep living
ex: lungs, kidneys

Question 24

what are the three main characteristics of PTSD?

Answer 24

intrusion- occurence of “flashbacks”during nightmares
avoidance- emotional numbness, stoicism
hyperarousal- increased irritability, startleness, difficulty concentrating